IAS





IAS
Institute for Advanced
Study Computer

MANUFACTURER
Electronic Computer
Project IAS

OPERATING AGENCY
Electronic Computer
Project IAS

Princeton University
Princeton, New Jersey

GENERAL SYSTEM
Activity of organization    Education and Research
Application     Mathematical Research in ballistics
  Aeronautics, Hydrodynamics, Elasticity,
  Statistics, Planning, Physics & Chemistry.
Timing                     Asynchronous
Operation                  Sequential
	All words are handled in parallel

NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system               Binary
Binary digits per word               40
Binary digits per instruction        20
Instructions per word                 2
Total no. of instructions decoded    67
Total no. of instructions used       44
Arithmetic system                    Fixed-point
Instruction type                     One-address
Number range              -1 <= x < +1

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Add time(excluding storage access) 31 microsec
MuJ.tiply time ( " " ")           620 microsec
Divide time (" " ")               920 microsec
Construction                    Vacuum-tubes
Number of rapid access word registers 4
Basic pulse repetition rate     Asynchronous
Arithmetic Mode                 Parallel

STORAGE                                Microsec
Media	                       Words     Access
Electrostatic tubes(5CPlA)   1024        25
Magnetic Drum	           2048    14,000
	Word size is 40 binary digits. A larger
capacity magnetic drum unit is expected to be
in operation in the near future. The proposed
storage will be 12,288 words of 40 digits each
with an access time of 17,000 microsec.

INPUT
Media	                     Speed
Punched Cards (IBM)	20 words/sec
	Twelve 40-digit words per card.

OUTPUT
Media                              Speed
Punched Cards (IBM)                 20 words/sec
Graph -7 inch CRT                 7000 points/sec
  Data to be graphed is stored on the drum.

NUMBER OF CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
Tubes	Approximately               3,000
Tube types                            5
Crystal diodes                        5

CHECKING FEATURES
Fixed Spill check on division
Optional Special summation instruction forms
  sum (+,-,abs) of storage contents starting
  with address given by instruction and con-
  tinuing through position 1023 (last word).
  Two such instructions provide the sum of any
  selected block of the storage. This instruction
  is very useful in checking input-output operators.

PHYSICAL FACTORS
Power consumption, Computer            28 K.W.
Space occupied, Computer              250 cu ft 36 sq ft
Total weight, Computer Approximately 1000 lbs
Capacity, Air Cond.                    15 tons

MANUFACTURING RECORD
Number produced                        7
	The lAS computer was built on an experimental,
non-commercial basis and was the prototype for
the following: ORDVAC (Aberdeen) MANIAC (Los Alamos)
ILLIAC (Illinois) JOHNNIAC (Rand)
ORACLE (Oak Ridge) AVIDAC(Argonne)

COST
	The IAS Computer was developed under Contract
W-36-034-ORD-7481 with the Ar~r Ordnance Corps.
The project had additional support of the ABC,
ONR, and USAF.

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Daily Operation        No. of Eng.        No. of Tech.
Two 8-hour shifts	         1                   2
The engineering staff is available when
needed for machuE repair.

RELIABILITY AND OPERATING EXPERIENCE
Date unit passed acceptance test Early 1952
Average error free running period 4-8 hours
Operating ratio 0.80          Good time 89.6 hours
                       Attempted to run 11.2 hours
No. of separate cabinets(excluding power and
air cond.)                       2
	Above figures are based on present figures.
Grand average operating ratio since Nov 1952 is
0.70

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
	The overall organization of the computer is
such that it should be able, on numerical problems, tc
spend about 20% of its time on multiplication and 80%
on additional operations. Thus, in one 8-hour shift
it should handle a problem involving 10,000,000
multiplications.

                             IBM-CPC

IBM-CPC

International Business
Machines Card
Programmed Calculator

MANUFACTURER
International Business
Machines Corporation
New York, N.Y.

GENERAL SYSTEM
Application     Business and scientific calculating.
  U of California Radiation Lab machine is used
  for scientific applications
Timing	     Synchronous
Operation        Sequential
Pictures furnished by IBM and Univ. of Cal.

NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system            Binary coded decimal.
Decimal digits per word           3 or 5.
Total no. of instructions used    9
Arithmetic system                 Fixed-point
Instruction type                  One-to two-address
Number range                      Variable
   Number range depends on programming.

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Add time(excluding storage access) 760 microsec
Multiply time(" " ")            13,180 microsec Avg
Divide time (" " ")             15,480 microsec Avg
Construction                     Vacuum -tubes
Basic pulse repetition rate     50 kilocycles/sec
Arithmetic Mode                 Parallel

STORAGE                           Microsec
Media            Words     Digits    Access
Electronic           9          17      760
Mechan (Accum)       6          80  400,000-800,000
Mechanical          48         480  400,000-1,200,000

INPUT
Media                Speed
Card Reader          100-150	cards/min

OUTPUT
Media	               Speed
Printed Record	   100 or 150 lines/min
Summary Punch	    50 card/mm

NUMBER OF CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
Tubes                   1500
Tube types                14

PHYSICAL FACTORS
Power consumption, Computer     9.57 KVA
Space occupied
 Accounting Machine       91.5 cu ft	25.4	sq ft
 Calculator               58.7 cu ft	12.2	sq ft
 Punch	              30.3 cu ft	7.2	sq ft
Each Aux Storage Unit	  17.8 cu ft	5.8	sq ft
Total (Including
  3 storage units)	 233.9 cu ft	62.2	sq ft
Total Weight
 (Including 3 storage	units)	 7028	lbs.
	No special air conditioning required.

MANUFACTURING RECORD
Number produced Over                     200
Number in current operation       Approx 200
Number on order                   Not available

COST
	Rental rates of basic system $1575/month
Rental rates for additional equipment $200/month
for each group of 16 words of auxiliary storage.
Rental rates include engineering maintenance
	and parts.
	The rental rate for the equipment at U. of Cal.
is $2670/month for the basic system and $350/month
for additional equipment. The IBM engineers
servicing other equipment at the Radiation Lab
also service the CPC.

RELIABILITY AND OPERATING EXPERIENCE
No. of different kinds of plug-in units     47
No. of separate cabinets(excludlng 
power and air cond.) 6 (Incl 3 Aux Store)
  IBM reports that the average service time for all
installed machines is approx 25 hours/month.
  U of Cal.
  Equipment installed November 1952. It is
operated for approx one and one half shifts.
	Others users include
	Southern Bell Telephone Company
	Esso Standard Oil
	Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company

                             IBM-604

IBM-604

Electronic Calculater

MANUFACTURER
International Business
Machines Corporation
New York, N.Y.

GENERAL SYSTEM
Application   Business and scientific
Timing	  Synchronous
Operation	  Sequential

NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system          Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits per word          3 or 5
Tctal no. of instructions used   9
Arithmetic system                Fixed-point
instruction type                 One or two-address code
Number range                     Variable

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Ad.d time(excluding storage access)  500 microsec
Multiply tine(	")              14,000 microsec av.
Divide tine (	")              17,000 microsec av.
Construction                    Vacuum tubes
Bastc pulse repetition rate	        50 kilocycles/sec
Arithmetic mode                 Parallel

STORAGE                          Micro sec
Media                 Words      Access
Electronic tubes         9        500

INPUT
Media                      Speed
Card Beader-Punch         100 cards/min

OUTPUT
Media                      Speed
Card Reader-Punch         100 cards/min

NUMBER OF CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
Tubes             1,250
Tube types            4

PHYSICAL FACTORS
Power consumption Computer          7.59 KVA
Space occupied, Computer           73.9  cu ft 19.4 sq ft
Total weight 1949 lbs

MANUFACTURING RECORD
Number produced over                    2500
Number in current operation over        2400

COST
Rental rate of system                 $550 per month
Rate includes customer engineering maintenance
and parts.

RELIABILITY AND OPERATING EXPERIENCE
No. of different kinds of plug-in units       46
No. of separate cabinets(excluding power and
air cond.)                                     2
	IBM reports that the average service tine for
all installed machines is approximately 10 hours/month.
  Users include:
     Hercules Powder Company, Wilmdnton, Del.
    Bridgeport Brass Company, Bridgeport, Conn.
    Chesapeake & Potomac Tel Co. Balto, Md.

                             IBM-607
IBM-607

Electronic Calculator

MANUFACTURER
International Business
Machines Corporation
New York, N.Y.


GENERAL SYSTEM
Application      Business and scientific calculating
Timing           Synchronous
Operation        Sequential
 
NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system          Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits per word         3 or 5
Total no. of instructions used 10
Arithmetic system              Fixed-point
Instruction type               One or two-address
Number range                   Variable

STORAGE                                  Microsec
Media                   Words            Access
Electronic tubes           57               520

INPUT
Media                        Speed
Card Reader-Punch            100 cards/min

OUTPUT
Media                        Speed
Card Reader-Punch            100 cards/min

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Add time(excluding storage access) 520 microsec
Multiply time(" " ")            l2,940 microsec av.
Divide time  (" " ")            l5,700 microsec av.
Basic pulse repetition rate         50 kilocycles/sec
Arithmetic mode                  Parallel
	
NUMBER OF CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
Tubes                    2584
Tube types                  7

PHYSICAL FACTORS
Power consumption, Computer            13.5 KVA
Space occupied, Computer              178.9 cu ft 36.5 sq ft
Total weight, Computer               4330 lbs

MANUFACTURING RECORD
Number produced over                  175
Number in current operation over      175

COST
Rental rate of basic system         $1850/month
Rental rate includes customer engineering
maintenance and parts.


RELIABILITY AND OPERATING EXPEPRIENCE
No. of different kinds of plug-in units         63
No. of separate cabinets(excluding power and
air cond.)                                       3
  IBM reports average service time for all
installed machines is approximately            10.9 hours.
	Users include:
Shell Oil Company
New York Life Insurance Company
Consolidated Edison Company, N.Y.C.

                             IBM-608

IBM-608
Transistor Calculator

MANUFACTURER
International Business
Machines Corporation
New York, N. Y.

GENERAL SYSTEM
Application   Business and scientific computing
Timing	  Synchronous
Operation	  Sequential

NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system             Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits per word            9
Total no. of' instructions used   12
Arithmetic system                  Fixed-point
Instruction type                   One to two-address
Number range                      Variable dep on program

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Add. time(excluding storage access) 220 microsec
Multiply time ( "	)              11,000 microsec Avg.
Divide time (	)              13,420 microsec Avg.
Construction                      Transistors and. cores
Basic pulse repetition rate      100 kilocycle/sec
Arithmetic mode                  Parallel

STORAGE                                       Microsec
Media	                   Words	Digits    Access
Magnetic Cores	          40	560        220
Each word may be split into a 5 digit and
6 digit word with separate signs.

INPUT
Media                      Speed.
Card Reader-Punch        155 cards/min

OUTPUT
Media                      Speed.
Card Reader-Punch        155 cards/min

MANUFACTURING RECORD
Number produced                    1
Number in current operation        1
Delivery time                  12 months
Engineering model stage

PHYSICAL FACTORS
Power consumption, Computer     2.3 KVA

COST
Rental rate basic system          $2,250 per month.
Rental rates includes customer engineering
maintenance and parts.

                             IBM-650

IBM-650
Magnetic Drum Data
Processing Machine

MANUFACTURER
International Business
Machines Corporation
New York, New York

Pictures furnished by
Univ. of Calif'ornia
RL and USN-AMTC
Port Mugu, California


GENERAL SYSTEM
Application Commercial, Scientific and
   Engineering Data Processing
Timing            Synchronous
Operation         Sequential and partially concurrent

INTERNAL SYSTEM
Internal number system              Decimal
Decimal digits per word.            10 plus sign.
Decimal digits per instruction      10 plus sign.
Instructions per word                2
Total no. of instructions decoded   89
Total no. of instructions used      89
Arithmetic system                   Fixed-point
Instruction type                    Two-address code
Number range -1010 <= n <= 1010

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Add time(excluding storage access)    672-768 microsec
Multiply time( "	)                 2,2l0-l9,600 microsec
Divide time(	)                 6,000-23,400 niicrosec
Construction                          Vacuum-tubes and Diodes
Number of rapid access word. registers      3
Basic pulse repetition rate            125 kilocycles/sec
Arithmetic             Parallel by bits serial by digit.
     60 words of magnetic core storage, individually
addressable.
	Multiply and divide time depends on sum of digits
of multiplier and quotient respectively.



mm 4,800
STORAGE                                    Microsec
Media	              Words                  Access
Magnetic Drum       1,000 or 2,000           96
Magnetic Core	     60                    96
Magnetic Tape       500,000 per unit.
Maximum of 6 Tape Units possible.
	Time to accelerate tape to read or write status
(75 inches per second) from standstill is 10 mil sec
of which 9.7 mil sec is available for further
computation.
	Magnetic tape is compatible with Electronic
Data Processing Systems 701, 702, 704, and 705.
	Magnetic Tape Unit can rewind. 2400 feet of
tape in 1.2 minutes.

INPUT
Media
Punched. Card. Reader 200 cards per/min-150 cards per/mm
from read feed of Type 407 Accounting Machine when
attached.
	A 10 word. input buffer is provided which allows
computation to proceed. for 172 millisec. of the 300
millisec. necessary to read a card.
Magnetic Tape 15000 characters per second
	A 60 word. magnetic core buffer is available between
the magnetic tape and the magnetic drum.
	Each of these words of core is addressable and can
be used for rapid access storage when not reading or
writing magnetic tape (96 microsec. per word access).
	Tape from 702,704, or 705 can be read. by this
tape unit.
	Rewind. time for 2400 feet of tape is 1.2 minutes.

OUTPUT
Media	Speed
Punched. Card. Recorder 100 cards per/mm
A 10 word output buf'fer is provided. which
allows computation to procede for 565 mil sec
of the 600 mil sec necessary to punch a card.
Magnetic Tape 15000 characters per/sec
	A 60 word magnetic core buffer is available
between the magnetic tape and the magnetic drum.
	Each of these words is addressable and can be
used for rapid access storage when not reading
or writing magnetic tape (96 microsec. per word
access)
	Rewind time for 2400 feet of tape is 1.2 minutes
	Tape can be read by 702, 704, or 705.
Line Printer		(wheel type)
	150 lines per minute with 120 characters per
line. Printer connected. directly to Main Frame
of Computer	tbrougb 10 word print buffer.
Line Printer	 (Wire matrix type)
	1000 lines per minute 60 characters per line.
Printer connected to magnetic tape frame, inde-
pendent of computer.

NUMBER OF CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
Tubes	                2,000
Tube types	              7
Crystal diodes        4,000 - 5,280
	Tube types are 5965, 6350 5687, 6211, 12AY7, 2D21
and. 6A145.
	1,000 word. drum has 119 heads.
	2,000 word drum has 219 heads.

CHECKING FEATURES
Validity character check.
	This check is placed on data and instructions in
arithmetic and logical units every 96 microsec. (every
word time).
The check accomplishes:
dropped and picked up bits are immediate1y detected.
only 10 admissible combinations out of 128 possible
combinations.
	The register in question is indicated on console.
Non-existant addresses and order codes are detected as
errors.
	Clocking checking circuits are provided for magnetic
drum.
	Card feed errors are indicated
	A double punch or a blank column in any colu~i which ha
received a punch instruction for the output cards causes
an error indication light to switch on and the operation
will stop.
	Overflow of accumulator
	Divide check Dividend >= divisor
	Horizontal and vertical parity checks on magnetic tape.
	Magnetic tape to card check.

MANUFACTURING RECORD
Number produced                120
Number in current operation    120
Number on order                750
Delivery time                   12-18 months

COST
Basic system consisting of:
	Power supply
	Card. Reader and Punch
	Input-output Punch Card Buffer
	1,000 words of storage	     $3,250/mo
	Same as above but with 2,000	words
      of storage		           $3,750/mo
Alditional Features:
 Alphabetic Device
	Magnetic tape (maximum of 6)
	Magnetic tape control unit
	Line Printer (wheel type) 150 lines per mm
with 120 characters per line.
	60 words of magnetic core storage (access 96
microsec any word)
	Line Printer (wire matrix type) 1000 lines per
minute with 60 characters per line.
	Automatic Floating point
	Index Registers
Rental include Customer Engineering maintenance
	and parts supplied by IBM.

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Daily operations           No. of Engineers    No. Tech.Operators
1-8	hour shift          maintained by IBM	3 mathematicians
                                                2 machine operators
2-8	hour shifts         maintained by IBM     6 mathematicians
                                                4 machine operators
3-8 hour shifts           maintained by IBM     9 mathematicians
                                                6 machine operators

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
	A program is available which will automatically optimum
program any existing program.
	Magnetic tape is compatible with 701, 702, 704 and 705.
	Index Registers: 3 four digit plus sign registers
are available for the Type 650. Each register is uniquely
addressable from the logical element.
	Floating Point hardware is available for the Type 650.
The system is based upon 8 significant digits of data and
a 2 digit exponent.

                             IBM-701

IBM-701
Electronic Data
Processing Machine

MANUFACTURER
International Business
Machines Corporation
New York, New York

Pictures supplied by
General Motors,
Lockheed. Aircraft and
University of' California RI.

GENERAL SYSTEM
Application     Commercial, Scientific and Engineering
     Data Processing
Timing              Synchronous
Operation           Sequential and partially concurrent

NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system              Binary
Binary digits per word             18 or 36 per data word
Binary digits per instruction      18
Instructions per word.              2
Total no. of instructions decoded  32
Total no. of instructions used     32
Arithmetic system                  Fixed-point
Instruction type                   One-address
Number range             -(235-1) <= n <= (235-1)
Each half or whole data word is uniquely addressable.
Floating point sub-routine with 3-address logic and
three logical index registers.

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Add time(excluding storage access)     CRT 60 microsec;
    Mag core 36 microsec
Multiply time(excluding storage access)   444 microsec
Divide time(exclud.ing storage access)	444 microsec
Construction             Vacuum-tubes or Magnetic cores
Basic pulse repetition rate                 1 megacycle
Arithmetic mode                         Parallel
	Above times includes access to instruction.

STORAGE
Media                            Words
Magnetic Core                    4096
   12 microsec access.
Cathode Ray Tube                 2048 or 4096
   12 microsec access.
Magnetic Drum                    8192 or 16,364
   50,000 average to first word of group.
Computation time is available depending on pro-
granming technique. Subsequent word time is
1,280 per word of which 1,000 can be used for
computation.
Magnetic Tape                300,000 binary words
Type 726.     2              per tape. (Up to 4
Magnetic tapes per frame.    magnetic tapes)
Pulse packing 100
groups per inch.
	The time to accelerate magnetic tape to write
status (75 inches per sec.) is 10,000 of which
6,000 is available for further computations.
Time to write subsequent words is 792 each, of
which 700 is available for further computation.
Time to accelerate magnetic Tape to read
status (75 inches per second) from standstill
is 10,000 of which 4,000 can be used for further
computation. Time to read subsequent words is 792
of which 540 is available for computation.
Magnetic tape               900,000 binary words per
1 Magnetic tape per         tape. 540,000 binary
frame. Pulse packing        coded decimal & alpha-
200 groups per inch.        numeric words per tape.
                            Up to 10 tapes


	Time to accelerate magnetic tape to write status
(75 inches/sec) from standstill is 10,000 of which
7,000 are available for further computation. Time
to write subsequent words is 400 each of which 336
is available for further computation. Time to
accelerate magnetic tape to read. status (75 inches/sec)
from standstill is 10,000 of which 3,000 are available
for further computation. Time to read subsequent
words is 400 each of which 288 are available for
computation. Magnetic tape unit cam rewind 2400 ft
of tape in 1.2 minutes.
Either magnetic core or cathode ray tube storage
is used. Time is in microsec.

INPUT
Media	                   Speed
Punched Card Reader	150 cards per/mm
	177 millisec are available between cards for
computation.
Magnetic Tape           12,500 dec dig per/sec
	Type 726
Magnetic Tape           If magnetic tape is alpha-
	Type 727          numeric: 15,000 char/sec.
                        If magnetic tape is pure bin:
                        25,000 dec digits/sec.
Card to Magnetic        250 cards per minute. Cards
  Tape (for Type 727    must be in decimal alphanumeric
  only)                 code. Tape is written in bin.
                        coded decimal alphanumeric
                        code and simultaneously checked.

OUTPUT
Media                            Speed
Punched Card Recorder            100 cards per/mn
Binary: maximum of 24 words per card.
	342 millisec computing time is available
while punching one card.
Decimal: 342 millisec computing time is
available while punching one card.
Line Printer	              150 lines per/min
(wheel type)	              72 characters per line
	Printer is connected. to the computer through the
analytical and logical unit.
	Available for computation between successive
lines: 322 millisec.
Cathode Ray                     8300 data points per/sec
	Tube Display
	The unit consists of two display tubes:
A 7 inch tube for photographic purposes; and,
A 21 inch tube for visual displays.
Magnetic Tape                12,500 equivalent dec digits
 Type 726                    per sec.
Magnetic Tape
 Type 727
Magnetic Tape to             100 cards per mm. Alpha-
 Card(Type 727 only)         numeric punched characters
                             are automatically internally
                             checked by unit.
Magnetic Tape to Line        (1) 150 lines per mm (wheel
Printer(Type 727 only)printer) (2) 120 alphanumeric
                             characters per line.
                             1000 lines per mm at 60 chars
                             per line (wire matrix printer)


NUMBER OF CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
Tubes                        4000
Tube types                     35
Crystal diodes             12,800

CHECKING FEATURES
Magnetic Tape (Type 726)
	Vertical parity bit check for each tape column.
Magnetic Tape (Type 727)
	Hoizzontal and. vertical parity bit check for
each tape row and. column.
Line Printer
	Echo checking for each printed. character.
Card to Magnetic Tape
	Checks magnetic tape as Type 726.
Checks card..
Tape to Printer (Type 727 magnetic tape only)
	Horizontal and vertical parity bit check for
each tape row and. column.
	Echo checking for each printed. character.
Tape to card.
	Horizontal and vertical parity bit check for each
tape row and column.
Arithmetic and. Logical Unit
  Overflow in accumulator. Two extra positions are
on left side of accumulator so that overflow is not lost.
  Divide check. |Dividend| <= |Divisor|

PHYSICAL FACTORS     Weight(lbs)      KVA
Main Frame                2850         37.4
Punched. Card. Recorder    720          0.7
Line Printer(T~heel Type) 2795          3.1
Magnetic Drum             1480          9.9
Cathode Ray Tube Frame    2445         11.8
Power Frame No. 1         2810          5.8
Power Frame No. 2         2750          5.8
Power Distribution Unit   1230          1.2
Magnetic Tape Unit (726)  1270          4.6
Magnetic Tape Control Unit1636          6.0
Punched. Card. Reader      530          0.7
Space occupied.
 Machine including two 726 frames.   3000 sq ft
 Customer engineering requirements    400 sq ft
 Air Conditioning                       40 tons
US-NOTS Inyokern
	This installation reports a power consumption
of 80 K.W. (88 KVA). The total weight is 20,070
lbs and. occupies 611 cu ft and 1200 sq ft.
The air conditioning blower motor operates 24
hours at 89.4 KVA. An A.C. motor operates 18 hour
utilizing 403.0 K.W. This is a central plant con-
densing unit located in basement. Plenem chamber
including filters, heating and cooling coils.
Blower and motor located on roof. No floor space
required. Air is distributed through ceiling ducts.

>

MANUFACTURING RECORD
Number produced.                    19
Number in current operation         19
Number on order                      0

COST
System I.                         Monthly Charges
Electronic Analytical Control Unit        $8100
Electrostatic Storage Unit (2048 words)    2600
Punched Card Reader                         200
Alphabetic Printer (wheel type)             800
Punched Card Recorder                       200
2 Type 726 Magnetic Tape Readers & Recorders
   (2 magnetic tapes per frame) for a total
   of 4 magnetic tapes)                    1700
Magnetic Drum Reader and Recorder          1400
Tape Control Unit                          2500


System II.
Electronic Analytical Control Unit          $8100
Electrostatic Storage Unit (2048) words      2600
Punched. Card Reader                          200
Alphabetic Printer (wheel type)               800
Punched. Card Recorder                        200
4 Type 727 Magnetic Tapes (one magnetic
 tape per frame)                             2200
Magnetic Drum Reader and. Recorder           1400
Tape Control Unit                            2500
 This system is compatible through common
language tape units with the 650, 702, 704, 705
and the additional equipment listed below.
Either of the above systems may replace the
2048 words of cathode ray tube storage with 4096
words of magnetic core storage.
Tape To Card. Punch and. Card Punch Control  $1050
Unit (punches 100 cards/minute)
Magnetic Tape to Line Printer (wheel type) and
Printer Control Unit                         1800
Magnetic Tape to Card Reader and Card.       2400
Reader Control Unit (reads 250 cards/minute)
Cathode Ray Tube Output Recorder             2850

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
	No. of Engineers	No. of Prograimoers
1 8-hour shift Maintained. by IBM	15-25
IBM
	This figure can vary greatly depending upon the amount
and type of work the installation does. For example,
if' the machine is required to solve routine problems day
in and day out with a small to medium amount of new work
being processed, the number of programmers will be fairl'
close to 15. If' few problems are ever solved more than
once and the problems are not similar in nature, then
the number of' programmers will approach 25.
United Aircraft
	Total personnel is 80 including 10 IBM; consisting
of 35 progranmers and 35 operators for one IBM 701 and
six IBM CPC1s.
AEC-UCRL Livermore
	9 IBM and. 5 Operator personnel for 24 hour operation;
the 4th shift is composed of' Saturday and Sunday, the
engineers are furnished by IBM and operators run pro-
duction problems during extra shifts.
General Motors Corporation
	23 Engineers and. 1 Technician or Operator for 1 1/2
shifts of operation and some on Saturday. Much of the
work requires mathematical formulation, numerical
analysis, and is of a short one-shot nature.
Lockheed Aircraft
	2 IBM Engineers each shift, 3, 4, and. 6 operators
respectively on each shift; One or two machines
are run on swing shift and two machines on graveyard.
One or two machines are run on Saturday and two all
day Sunday (24 hours). One experienced. man works from
8 p.m. to 7 a.n. Monday through Friday and 7 p.m. to
7 a.m. on Saturday and. Sunday. One man assists him
on swing shift and. two on graveyard. This is a most
unsatisfactory arrangement; attempts are being made
to eliminate Saturday and. Sunday night-work.
US-NOTS Inyokern
	4 Engineers and. 15 technicians or operators are
required for two 8 hour shifts. Associated. with the
machine are 10 mathematicians and. 5 mathematical aides.
10 - 15 individuals outside the computing organization
program and run their own problems.
 


RELIABILITY AND OPERATING EXPERIENCE
One IBM six month operating report based on sixteen
701's, establiaked the following reliability:

      37,385.2 Hours machines turned on
       5,015.7 Preventive maintenance hours
       2,009.3 Hours for engineering changes
                and emergency repairs
      30,360.2 Hours available to customers
          81.2 Percent Usable Hours
United. Aircraft Corporation
	System accepted. 5 October 1953; the average error-
free running period. is 2 hours; the computer is
available 82% of the time, is operated on a 3 shift,
6 day week.
AEC-UCRI Livermore
	System accepted 26 April 1954; the average error-
free running period is 6.2 hours; good time is 3032
hours and. the attempted to rim time is 3587 hours,
resulting in an operating ratio of 0.85; the average
error free running time is calculated by dividing
the total hours less the total Scheduled I'~intenance
less Total unscheduled Maintenance less the Loss
Time Claimed by Operator all by the Total number of
Hours of Down and. Lost Time reported.. The above
figures are given for the period Jan 55 to June 55
when operating 24 hours/day.
General Motors Corporation
	System accepted in April 1954; average error free
running period. is 4.5 hours derived. from the records
for 1 month; good time of 1067 hours and attempted
to run time of 1154 hours yielding an operating
ratio of 0.92 for a four month period.
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
	Systems accepted on 14 May 53 and 15 July 54;
average error free running periods of 3-4 hours on
one and 1 1/2 hours on the other; good time of 74.4%
and. 80% where good time is considered as actual
production and the remaining 25.6% and 20% respectively,
consists of preventive maintenance, breakdown, machine
re-work and idle time. The average error-free running
period is reduced considerably when tapes are used
frequently. Short runs are made wherever possible
(1-5 hours), but the same program is run for as long as
12 hours and would. run longer if time permitted.
US-NOTS Inyokern
	Computer passed acceptance test on 8 October 1953
as the 8th machine of a series of 18 in the U.S.
Good time obtained is 85% out of 100% attempted to
run including preventive maintenance. Approximtely
230 different kinds of plug-in units are used in the
system.


ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
IBM Type 727 Magnetic Tape is compatible for the
IBM 650, 701, 702 and 705 systems.
	IBM provides assistance from the 701 school in New
York, the Applied Science Representative and Special
Representatives of specific industries.
	Subroutines are available for many applications,
including floating decimal point operation.
United Aircraft Corporation
	Uses Speedco interpretive routine.
AEC UCEL Livermore
	Line Printer is used for inmiediate results, storage
is large and fast and system is simple to operate.

General Motors Corporation
	Two interpretive systems are used, Speed Co and
ACOM. Speed Co 3-address while AC0M is 2-address.
Both provide for floating point arithmetic,
transcendental functions, In-Out operations, B-boxes,
and tracing all of which aid in coding and checkout.
Lockheed Aircraft
	A general purpose system called FLOP, a contraction
of Floating Octal Point, was developed at Lockheed
by members of the Digital Computing Staff.
	Flop converts the 701 into an entirely different
machine, one which performs all its operations in
a "floating octal" system, but also permits all the n
normal 701 operations to be executed in fixed binary.
The floating octal operations performed by the system
are add, subtract, multiply, divide (all with real
or complex numbers), log8 x, 8x, sin x, sin-lx, and
square root. The system also provides certain logical
operations and control of the input-output devices
in three number systems: binary, octal and floating
decimal.
	This system was developed in order to obtain a
minimum of elapsed tine from when a new problem
first enters the department to when answers are
obtainable.