BRL Report 1961

BRL 1961, BENDIX CUBIC TRACKER, start page 0062

BENDIX CUBIC TRACKER
BENDIX G-15D and MTA-2 p/o AN/GSQ-29(x1-l)

MANUFACTURER
Computer Division
Bendix Aviation Corporation
and
Cubic Corporation

APPLICATIONS
Systems are located at Tyndall Air Force Base, Cape
San Blas, and Carabelle, Florida. Tracking Stations
at Cape San Blas and Carabelle develop direction
cosines measured from x & y base lines for up to
three targets, and a frequency correction word for
each target transmitter. Information is transmitted
via data link to computing site at Tyndall. Data
words are automatically converted to G-15D word
length and written directly on computer drum. Pro-
gram converts direction cosine information to (x,y,z)
position and controls automatic position plot of two
of the three targets.A command word is generated
at the computer site to instruct the program which
target trajectories to plot, the change being con-
trolled by transmission of a release signal from one
target (interce tor) and a burst signal from a second
target (missile.Burst also causes the program to
compute the vector miss distance from the 3rd target
(drone) to the missile in the velocity vector coord-
inate system of the drone, and the scalar escape dis-
tance between the missile and the interceptor in the
MATTS (AN/GSQ-29) coordinate system. Program modifi-
cations also permit computation of x, y, z coordinates
of any or all targets either on a sample by sample
basis (basic sample rate is 20/sec) in non-real time,
or at a rate of approximately one sample/sec either
real or non-real time.
Though the system was basically designed for scor-
ing air-to-air missile firings it has also been suc-
cessfully used to track missiles fired from the
ground.
Modifications made to the G-15D to permit on-line
data processing were accomplished so as to also per-
mit general purpose use of the computer. Part of
the high speed punch facility was utilized for an
additional long memory line for format conversion
and automatic data entry, and the DA-2 circuitry was
modified in a minor way to permit data to be written
on the M16 and M17 long lines separately.

STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Media Words Digits Microsec
Computer Drum long line 108 3,132 19,500 avg
Computer Drum 4 wd. line 4 116 504 avg
Computer Drum 2 wd. line 2 58 270 avg
Computer Drum 1 wd. line 1 1 270

INPUT
Media Speed
Photo Tape Reader 200 hex char/sec
MTA-2 (Bendix) 427 hex char/sec
300,000 words/unit
max of 4 units
IBM Typewriter Modified Manual
Matta Buffer & Input Register
Buffer "reads" incoming data at rate of 20 samples
sec max,.stores twelve 19 bit cosine words and six
10 bit calibrate words at 3kc bit rate, "write" data
onto computer drum at 110kc clock rate under auto-
matic control of computer and converts words into
computer word length of 29 bits. Maximum time between end of
"read" and start of "write" 19,500 microsec. (1/2 drum rev).
Write time = 4860 microsec (18 word times),Input register
automatically reads one word onto computer Early Buss under
program control. Maximum access time is 4 wt (1,080 microsec
including ready test.

OUTPUT
Media Speed
Photo Tape Punch 17 hex char/sec
MIA-2 427 hex char/sec Max. of 4 units
IBM Typewriter 8 hex char/sec
Output Register 270 microsec/word Under program
control
Minimum program time for (x, y, z) plot of two targets via
output register is 16 word times (4320 microsec) including
transfer from storage and transfer to output register.
Output register operates automatically under computer
control.

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 4.3 Kw 4.5 KVA
0.95 Pf
Power, air conditioner 6 Kw 7.5 KVA
0.80 pf
Volume, computer 60 cu ft
Volume, MTA-2 30 cu ft
Volume, MATTS System 130 cu ft
Volume, sir conditioner 192 cu ft
Area, computer 10 sq ft
Area, MTA-2 6 sq ft
Area, MATTS System 18 sq ft
Area, air conditioner 24 sq ft
Room size, systemVan 30 x 8 x 7.5 ft
Room size, air conditioner 4 x 6 x 8 ft
Floor loading, system 45 lbs/sq ft
Weight, computer 450 lbs
Capacity, air conditioner 6 Tons
Parking pad is approximately 30 x 10 ft
Power is 220 v, 60 cycle, 3-wire; 80 amps.

COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Components distribution
Computer Site
(1) Data Handli
(2) Data Link
(3) Tape Recorders
(4) Computer and Typewriter
(5) MTA-2
(6) D/A Converters (3 ea)
(7) Plotting Boards (2 ea)
Tracking Sites
(l) Tracking System
(2) Data Handling
(3) Tape Recorders (2 ea/site)
(4) Data Link (GFE)
Airborne Transmitters
(1) Interceptor
(2) Target
(3) Missile

BRL 1961, BENDIX CUBIC TRACKER, start page 0063

Maintenance available on system through Cubic Corp.
Maintenance available on computer through Bendix Computer
Division.

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour
Shift Shifts Shifts
Used Recom Used Recom Used Recom
Supervisors-
Programmers 1 1 1 1 1 1
Engineer-
Operator 3 4 3 8 0 12
Operation tends toward open shop.
Methods of training used includes formal classroom plus
on-the-job training under qualified personnel, teaching
operation and maintenance. Customer personnel (USAF),
includes 1 Supervisor, 2 Programmers (Computer Operators)
and 10 Technicians.

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Average error-free running period 40 Hours
Good time 12 Hours/Week (Average)
Attempted to run time 12.1 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating Ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.99
Above figures based on period l Mar 60 to 1 Aug 60
Date this system passed customer acceptance test:
undergoing acceptance tests.
Time is probably available to other AF organizations
on an availability basis.

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
System utilizes GP computer for special purpose
application yet permits utilization of computer for GP
applications by merely rotating a switch.
System measures spatial position to 50 parts million,
less than 40 ft. error in vector miss distance.
Special purpose system utilizing GP computer system
designed for scoring air-to-air missile firing, with
latitude in design to permit modification to other related
applications.

FUTURE PLANS
Replacement of electro-mechanical servo system and
data handling system at tracking sites with Cubic
Electronic Digital Phase Meters.

INSTALLATIONS
System distributed between Tyndall AFB, Cape San
Blas, and Carabelle, Florida..

BRL 1961, BENDIX D12, start page 0064

BENDIX D12
Bendix D12 Digital Differential Analyzer

MANUFACTURER
Bendix Computer Division of Bendix Aviation Corp.

Photo, 18 K bytes
Photo by Griffiss Air Force Base

APPLICATIONS
Manufacturer
Solution of differential equations.
Statistical Services Div., Hq RADC, Griffiss AFB The
system is used for the solution of scientific problems,
involving differential-integral equations (orbits,
trajectories, Bessel functions, etc).

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary coded decimal
Decimal. digits/word 8
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Number range -5.0000000 to +4.9999999
As this system is a digital differential analyzer, usual
digital computer instructions are not used.
The computer employs a semi-fixed program.
ARITHMETIC UNIT

Microsec
Add time (exclud stor access) 43
Construction Vacuum tubes
Basic pulse repetition rate 200 Kc/sec
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Synchronous
Operation Sequential

Decimal digits are treated serially, whereas their binary
codes are held in parallel.

STORAGE
Manufacturer
Media Words Binary Digits
Magnetic Drum 550 22,000
Access times are not relevant because of the fixed
program.
Griffiss AFB
Magnetic Drum 2408 plus sign
This system has 60 integrators.

INPUT
Manufacturer
Media Speed
Paper Tape 6 dig/sec
Griffiss AFB
Paper Tape 6 dig/sec
Typewriter KeyboardManual
Curve Follower 20 dig/sec (Imperical Input)
(Attachment)

BRL 1961, BENDIX D12, start page 0065

OUTPUT
Manufacturer
Media Speed
Typewriter 10 dig/sec
Graph Plotter 20 dig/sec, 100 steps/inch
Griffiss AFB
Typewriter (IBM) 10 dig/sec
Paper Tape 10 dig/sec
Graph Plotter 20 dig/sec, 100 steps/inch

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Tubes 700
Tube types 6
Crystal diodes2,200
Separate cabinets 2

CHECKING FEATURES
Overflow in addition
' Prescribed code as a result of addition

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Manufacturer
Power, computer 7.5 Kw
Power, air conditioner 105 cu ft 25 sq ft
Weight, computer 2,000 lbs
A desk is provided in addition to the computer con-
sole proper.
Griffiss AFB
Power, computer 7.5 Kw
Vole, computer 125 cu ft
Area, computer 42.5 sq ft
Room size, computer 400 sq ft
Located on false floor. Air conditioner is shared
with other equipment.

PRODUCTION RECORD
Manufacturer The Bendix D-12 is no longer in
production and is manufactured only when a customer's needs
can not be met by any other equipment. The DA-1 used with
the G-15D General Purpose Computer System is based on the D-
12 and uses the memory of the G-15D for combined GPC and DDA
operation. The DA-1, while lowpriced, is therefore equipped
with 108 integrators and 108 constant multipliers.

COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Manufacturer Approximate cost of basic system
$55,000, including one graph plotter unit. Approximate
cost of additional equipment $8,035 for unit for
interconnecting two computers. Griffiss AFB The basic
computer cost $48,000. The extra coding unit, graph
plotters and curve follower cost $20,000.

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Griffiss AFB System requires one engineer and 1
operator. Operation tends toward closed shop. Method of
training includes the use of maintenance manuals and on-the-job
training.

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Manufacturer
Good time 500 Hours
Attempted to run time 600 Hours
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.83
Passed Customer Acceptance Test1 Aug 54
Griffiss AFB
Average error-free running period 40 Hours
Good time 1,000 Hours
Above figures based on period 15 Mar 56 to 1 Nov 56.
Passed Customer Acceptance Test 15 Mar 56

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Manufacturer The system is unusually easy to code
and operate, since it is a fixed code machine.

INSTALLATIONS
Products Division
Bendix Aviation Corporation
Mishawaka, Indiana
Wright Air Development Center
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
Dayton, Ohio
Redstone Arsenal
Huntsville, Alabama
Lockheed Aircraft Company
Marietta, Georgia
Griffiss Air Force Base
Rome, New York

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0066

BENDIX G15
Bendix G15

MANUFACTURER
Bendix Corporation
Bendix Computer Division

Photo, 45 K bytes
Photo by North American Aviation, Inc.
APPLICATIONS
Manufacturer General purpose and scientific computing.

U. S. A. Artillery & Missile School, Ft. Sill Located
in Bldg. 900, Gunnery/Cannon/Rocket Dept., Fort Sill,
Oklahoma, the system is used for cannon and rocket
research studies.
U. S. A. Command and General Staff College
Located in Room 345, Bell Hall, USACGSC, the system
is used for curve fit analysis of nuclear data for
instructional and operational purposes, various con-
version tables, and production of data for tables of
preco umnuclear target analyses (Weapon Selection
Tables .
U. S. A. Engineer District, Little Rock Located at 300
Broadway, Little Rock, Arkansas, the system is used for
reservoir and flood routing, earthwork quantities for
embankments and highways, stability analysis for dams and
walls, traverse closure in surveys, moment distribution,
reinforced concrete design cantilever wall, and pile foundation
design.

U. S. A. Engineer District, Los Angeles Located at the Los
Angeles District Office, the system is used for engineering
computations in the fields of surveying, soils, hydrology,
hydraulics, structural design and miscellaneous engineering
applications.
U. S. A. Map Service, Americas Division Located at Army
Map Service, Americas Division, 6500 Brooks Lane, Washington
25, D. C., the system is used for geodetic, astronomic, and
photogrammetric computations.
U. S. A. Ord. Frankford Arsenal - ORDRA-6230
Located at Frank ford Arsenal Bldg. 220-1st floor,
the system is used for optical design - 95,%, and
miscellaneous technical - 5,%.
U. S. A. Ordnance Mission, White Sands Missile
Range
Located at the Structures Branch, the system is used
for calculation of structural response, stress anal-
ysis calculations in structural members, processing
of structural data collected from missile range fir-
ings, processing of structural data collected from
laboratory tests of structural items, calculations
involving simulations of missile systems, and research

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0067

Photo, 45 K bytes
Photo by Naval Supersonic laboratory, MIT

into transient loading at missile structures. This computer
is to be used to reduce the engineering time required for
structural analyses calculations resulting from measurements
collected during missile range operations and structural
laboratory testing.
U.S.A. Snow Ice Permafrost Research Establish-
ment
Located at 1215 Washington Ave., Wilmette, Illinois,
the system is used for engineering analysis.
U. S. N, Air Development Center Located at the
Aeronautical Computer Laboratory, Johnsville, Pa., the
system is used for scientific computations and scientific
data processing.
U. S. N. Bureau of Weapons Located in Temporary "W"
Bldg., Room 2W91, 18th & Constitution Avenue, N. W.,
Washington, D. C. the system is used for the solution of
scientific problems only.
U. S. N. Charleston Shipyard Located at the Design
Division, Planning Department, the system is used for polemast
stress analyses, longitudinal strength calculations, transverse
strength calculations, shear and moment curves for simply
supported beams, A.C. power analysis, A.C. lighting analysis,
angle-arc analysis, list and stability calculations, natural
frequency of resilient mounts, inclining experiments, weight
and moment calculations, lighting system fixtures analysis,
moment distributions, star tracker, trochoidal wave, curve
expansions, and properties of simply supported beams.

U. S.N. Engineering Experiment Station
Annapolis
Located in Building 113 the system is used for noise
spectrum analysis, magnetic fields-data reduction and
statistical analysis, bearings computations, harmonic
tables computation, thermoconductivity-regression
analysis, "one-shot" type engineering problems, and
training of station personnel.
U. S. N. Hydrographic Office, Suitland Located at the
Geodetic Computing Unit, Survey Branch, Chart Construction
Division, system is used for position determination,
triangulation computations, electronic aids to navigation
computations, statistical studies, astro and azimuth
computations and distance computations.
U. S. N. Mine Defense Laboratory System is used as an on
line computer in a navigation system to provide positional
data on a real time basis.
U. S. N. Missile Center Point Mugu System is used for the
solution of engineering problems, particularly those of
guided missile design and analysis, and satellite and probe
trajectories.
U. S. N. Supersonic Laboratory, M.I.T. Located at 560
Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Mass., system is used mainly for on
line processing of experimental wind tunnel data; e.g. force
and moment aerodynamic tests, pressure distribution tests,
heat transfer testing, nozzle block calibration, and strain
gage balance calibration.

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0068

Photo, 45 K bytes
Photo by U.S.A.F. Patrick AFB

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City
Located at 32 Exchange Place, Salt Lake City, Utah,
the system is used for representative civil engineer-
ing computer applications in design, office engineer-
ing, project development and construction contract
administration work, such as earthwork volumes for
roads, canals, borrow pits, multiple linear corre-
lation-forecasting runoff, drain spacing analysis,
triangulation and traverse computations, operation
studies for reservoirs and related facilities, water
surface profiles, and flood routing through a reser-
voir.
Illinois Division of Highways
Located at the Illinois Division of Highways, Bureau
of Research and Planning, State Office Building,
Springfield, Illinois, the computer is used for com-
putation of highway cut and fill quantities and perti-
nent earthwork design data, moment influence line

ordinates for 3 and 4-span continuous beams, bridge
deck elevations adjusted for dead load deflections,
traverse closure and coordinate adjustment, areas,
etc., earthwork embankment stability analysis, rectan-
gular and circular column analysis, azimuth determina-
tion from sun observation, geodetic position from
State plane coordinates and vice versa, and highway
letting cost distribution.
This computer is used for the solution of engineering
problems only, - problems which require a relatively
small amount of input data, but a great amount of
complex mathematical computation.
Michigan State Highway Department
Located on the 8th Floor of the S. T. Mason Building,
Lansing, Michigan, the system is used by the Michigan
State Highway Department, Road Design Division, for
earthwork computations, vertical alinement computa-
tions, circle-circle, circle-line intersections,

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0069

Photo, 45 K bytes
Photo by Michigan State Highway Department

traverse closure computations, and storm sewer design.
It isused by the Traffic Division for traffic pattern
classification and loadometer. It is used by the
Bridge Design Division for circular bridge geometry,
vertical alignment, pier design, composite beam de-
sign,plate girder design, slab and screed data for
the straight bridge, straight bridge elevations,
abutment design, and 3, 4, and 5 span girder calcula-
tions. The system is also used for bid checking.
AiResearch Mfg. Co. of Arizona
Located at 402 South 36th Street, Phoenix, Arizona,
the system is used for test data reduction for gas
turbines, starters, pneumatic controls, engineering
design problems for various aircraft components, and
engineering research problems relative to aircraft
and missile components.
Bendix Aviation Corp., Eclipse-Pioneer Division Located
at Plant One, Teterboro, N.J., the system is used for the
numerical solution of differential equations, amplitude and
polar angles of complex rational functions to facilitate
Bode and Nyquist stability analysis, and inverse
interpolation programming to find the roots of
transcendental equations.
Bendix Radio Division, Bendix Aviation Corp. Located in
the Engineering Bldg., Towson, Md., the system is used for
all sorts of scientific, physical

problems. The majority have to do with radar systems
development.
Bendix Systems Division, The Bendix Corporation Located
at the Data Processing and Display Dept., Bendix Systems
Div., Ann Arbor, Michigan, the Bendix G-15A Computer is used
in conjunction with CRT Display equipment for the COMPAC
Contract. This general purpose computer has been modified for
real-time cathode ray tube display of simulated air traffic
raids against radar environments.
Dow Chemical Company Located at the Dow Chemical
Company, Engineering Dept., Bldg. B-1201, Room 3129, Freeport,
Texas, the system is used for chemical engineering
(distillation, heat exchange, flow of fluids, absorption), for
mechanical engineering (piping flexibility), for civil
engineering (surveying, and for other engineering problems.
Ebasco Services Inc. Located at 2 Rector Street, New
York 6, New York, the system is used for economic
calculations, electrical calculations (electric power fields),
steam turbogenerator and associated mechanical calculations,
pipe stress, and structural analysis.
Fellows Gear Shaper Company
Located in the Engineering Dept., River Street, Spring-

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0070

Photo, 45 K bytes
Photo by U. S. Army Engineers, Los Angeles District

field, Vt., the system is used for calculation of all data
pertaining to gear shaper helical and spur cutters master
gears, shaving tools, cams, form ground cam cutters, pitch
lines of non-circular gears analysis of gear errors (Fourier
coefficient method). The system is used also for the
calculation of forces and stresses in molding machines.
Ford Instrument Company Located in the Engineering
Laboratory No. 11, 31-10 Thomson Ave., LIC, N. Y., the whole
number machine (G-15D) is used for the solution of equations
for nuclear reactor models, cam design, missile and orbital
trajectories, on line instrument data processing and data
reduction, digital computer design simulation, and solution of
matrix (10 x 10) equations for electrical network. The Digital
Differential Analyzer is used for nuclear reactor design,
inertial platform response, and simulation of navigational
systems.
General Mills, Inc., Mechanical Division Located
at 2003 E. Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis 13, Minn., the
system is used for data reduction and engineering
analysis.
Hercules Powder Co., Applied Mathematics Div. Located at
the Company Home Office, Wilmington 99, Del., the system is
used for the solution of engineering problems in distillation
calculations, heat trans

fer calculations, pipe sizing, personnel forecasting, and
project accounting. Other applications include multiple
correlation, mass spectrometer calculations, rocket
trajectory calculations, and specific impulse calculations.
International Harvester Company Located at 5225 So.
Western Blvd., Chicago 9, Illinois, the system is used in
engineering design for aerodynamic analysis, thermodynamic
analysis, stress analysis, and engine simulation, in data
reduction for engine test cell data, in cost reduction for
materials handling, and in statistics for regression analysis.
Humble Division, Humble Oil & Refining Company Located
at the Humble Houston Research Center, 3120 Buffalo
Speedway, Houston, Texas, the system is used for the study
of applicable numerical techniques for predicting the
movement of fluids through the pores of reservoir rocks, for
the study of applicable techniques for predicting and
optimizing drilling operations, for the study of techniques
for well log interpretation, and for miscellaneous
computation associated with numerous other endeavors in our
field of activity.
Lockwood, Kessler & Bartlett, Inc. Located at One
Aerial Way, Syosset, N. Y., the system is used for structural
analysis and design, highway

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0071

Photo, 45 K bytes
Photo by U. S. Naval Engineering Experimental Station

design and supervision, and surveying and photogrammetry.
The Martin Company Located at the Manufacturing,
Engineering, and Research Dept., Machine Planning Section,
Baltimore, Md., the system is used for numerical control, for
the manufacture of punched tape to operate numerical control
milling machines. It is also used to compute various
engineering and mathematical problems.
North American Aviation, Inc., Missile Division Located
at 12214 Lakewood Boulevard, Downey, Calif., the system is
used for stability and control, vibrations and flutter,
thermodynamics, aerodynamics, preliminary design, trajectory
calculations, research and special compilers to prepare tape
for airborne computers and ground checkout equipment.
The Ohio Oil Company Located at Robinson, Illinois,
the system is used for mass spectrometer calculations,
refinery yield structure, refinery economic studies, linear
programming (gasoline blending), gas chromatograph
calculations, curve fitting, regression analysis, heat
exchanger calculations, and equilibrium flash vaporization
calculations.
RCA Service Company, Pan American World Airways
Located at Room 3-059, Bldg. 989, Patrick Air Force
Base; Florida, the system is used for mathematical

analysis and research in engineering problems and physical
sciences such as investigations of mathematical models used
in reducing data acquired by various optical and electronic
instrumentation, derivation of physical relations in such
fields as refraction, geodesy, celestial mechanics, etc.,
statistical analysis and error propagation studies, and
mathematical solutions of a general nature such as solutions
of systems of equations, transformations, etc.
Gulf Coast Division, Sun 011 Co., Beaumont Located at 1096
Calder, Beaumont, Texas, the system is used for reservoir
engineering and economic evaluations, reservoir simulation,
geophysical calculations, civil and mechanical engineering
calculations as applied to petroleum drilling and production
technology..
Sun Oil Company Richardson Located at 503 N. Central
Expressway, Richardson, Texas, the system is used for
reservoir engineering, differential equations of fluid flow,
chemical engineering process calculations, statistical
studies, and for data processing of laboratory results.
Vitro Laboratories Located at 200 Pleasant Valley
Way, West Orange, New Jersey, the system is used for
analytical studies involving solution of differential
equations, matrix

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0072

Photo, 45 K bytes
Photo by The Martin Company, Baltimore

algebra, statistical analyses, and general studies.
Pacific Union College Data Processing Laboratory Located
at the Nelson Memorial Library, Pacific Union College,
Angwin, California, the system is used as an educational
laboratory facility for classes in computer programming
and numerical analysis, punched card accounting,
research and mathematics, chemical kinetics, nuclear
physics, and business management.
Pomona College Located in the Physics Laboratory,
the system is used for the teaching of digital computer
techniques and scientific research applications.
Schellenger Research Laboratory, Texas Western
College
Located in the Computer Section, the computer is
presently being used in contract work for White
Sands Missile Range, White Sands, New Mexico. Of

particular importance 1s the SOTIM (Sonic Observa-
tionsof Trajectories and Impacts of Missiles) pro-
gram. In addition, applications in acoustics and
electronics, particularly problems of sound refrac-
tion,calibration, and data reduction, are common.
University of Delaware
Located at the Computing Center, Evans Hall, Univer-
sity of Delaware, the system is used for calculations
for research, sponsored and unsponsored (70%), class-
room use for coding instruction and demonstration
(20`x), and for commercial work (10`x).

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0073

Photo, 45 K bytes
Photo by U.S. Army Map Service

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0074

Photo, 50 K bytes
Photo by U. S. Army Map Service

Automatic built-in subroutines include multiply and
divide.
Automatic coding includes an algebraic compiler and
symbolic assemblers. Humble 011
A floating point interpretive system is customarily used.
This system permits use of 864 words of storage for commands
and operands. It includes indexing and auxiliary storage on a
magnetic tape system.

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Manufacturer
Incl Stor Access Exclud Stor Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 540 270
Mult 2,430 to 16,700
Time range for multiply and divide represents range
between single decimal digit precision and maximum precision.
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum-tubes 50 Approx.
Short tracks used on drum.
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Synchronous
Operation Sequential

STORAGE
Manufacturer
No. of No. of Access
Medium Words Bin/Dig Microsec
Magnetic Drum 2,176 63,104 14,500 avg
540 min
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 4 Units
No. of char/linear inch of tape 57 Char/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 6 Tracks/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.5 Inches
Tape speed 7.5 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 427 Char/sec
Start time 15 Millisec
Stop time 15 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 150 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.5 Inches
Length of reel 3,600 Feet
Composition Mylar
All installations require the use of magnetic drum
storage.

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0075

Photo, 50 K bytes
Photo by U.S. Army Map Service

The following installations utilize magnetic tape
storage:
USA AMS Hercules Powder
USA C and G SC Humble 011
USA Ord WSMR The Martin Company, Baltimore
USN Bu Weap North American
USN EES Ohio Oil
USN MC Pt Mugu SUNOCO Richardson
USN SL MIT Vitro Labs
AiResearch Pacific Union College
Fellows Pomona College
General Mills Univ of Del

INPUT
Manufacturer
Media Speed
Typewriter 8 char/sec(Full alphanumeric)
Card Reader 100 cards/min Full alphanumeric)
Paper Tape 400 char/sec (Sexadecimal)
(Optional)

Paper Tape 250 char/sec (Sexadecimal)
(Standard)

All installations utilize paper tape input and
output.
All installations utilize the typewriter (Flexowriter)
input and output.

The following installations utilize punched cards
for input-output.
Michigan SHD North American
General Mills Pacific Union College
Hercules Powder

OUTPUT
Manufacturer
Media Speed
Typewriter 11 char/sec (Numeric)
8.5 char/sec (Alphanumeric)
Cards 100 cards/min
Line Printer (IBM 402) 100 lines/min (80 char/line)
Paper Tape Standard 17 char/sec (Sexadecimal
Paper Tape Optional 60 char/sec (Sexadecimal)

The graph plotter can be driven by the computer at 200
increments/second and 100 increments/inch or by the digital
differential analyzer at 34 increments/ second.

The following organizations utilize the line printer:
AiResearch Pacific Union College
North American

The following organizations utilize the graph
plotter:
USN SL MIT Bendix Radio

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0076

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type
Tubes
Computer Approx.450 (Mostly dual triodes)
DDA Approx. 75
Card Coupler Approx. 310
Diodes
Computer Approx. 2,500
DDA Approx. 800
Card Coupler Approx. 1,100
Transistors 16 (In typewriter coupler)
All logic is mounted on plug-in packages.

CHECKING FEATURES
Several test commands are available.

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Manufacturer
Power, computer 3.5 Kw 0.98 pf
Volume, computer 31 cu ft
Area, computer 6 sq ft
Room size, computer 8 ft x 8 ft
Floor loading 160 lbs/sq ft
250 lbs concen max
Weight, computer 1,000 lbs
110 V, 50a, 60 cycle line.
No special air conditioning is required if adequate
ventilation is provided and approved by contractor.

USA C and G SC
Power: Install 110 volt, single phase, three-wire system.
Air conditioning: If room is small or poorly venilated,
install hood or air conditioner. If room is large enough,
no air conditioning is required. Heat from computer is
14,300 BTU/hr, and from magnetic tape is 2,200 BTU/hr.

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0077

PRODUCTION RECORD
Manufacturer
Number produced to date Over 300
Number in current operation Over 300
Time required for delivery 1 to 2 months

COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
USA AMS
Basic System
$1,485 per month.
Additional Equipment
Magnetic Tape Unit - $27O per month.

USA C and G SC
Monthly
Basic System Purchase Lease
G-15 Computer w/alphanumeric $51,000 $1,530
typewriter
MTA-2 Magnetic Tape Unit 6,800 270
-------- --------
$57,800 $1,800
Additional Equipment
Punch Card Coupler CA-2 $19,500 $582
Graph Plotter PA-3 2,500 130
Maintenance is part of lease price. This includes parts
and labor. If computer is purchased, a maintenance contract
may be entered into at the following rates:
G-15 Computer $500/month
MTA-2 Tape Unit 50/month
USA Eng LRD
Additional Equipment Cost
20-inch carriage w/pin-feet platen $ 400
Clary model 148.067/703 Add-Punch 1,900
Basic System
$1,530 per month rental rate.

[ costs to some other users deleted ]

AiResearch
G-15 Computer, $1,524/month; Total Systems $4,590 per
month.
Rental Rates for Additional Equipment
Magnetic Tape Units at $270 $1,280
1 Bendix CA-2, Card Converter 850
1 IBM 402 Printer 400
2 IBM 523 Summary Punch at $100 200
1 IBM 082 Sorter 65
1 IBM 519 Reproducer 150
2 IBM 026 Key Punch at $6o 120
------
Total Rent for Month for Additional $3,065
Equipment

Bendix Eclipse-Pioneer
Cost for Basic System
$50,000 per G-15A general purpose digital computer
Cost for Additional Equipment
$10,000 per Digital Differential Analyzer.

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0078

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Manufacturer
one 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour
Shift Shifts Shifts
Supervisors 1 1 1
Analysts 2
Programmers 2 4 6
Operators 1 1 2
Training made available by the manufacturer to the user
includes programming and operation training at no cost to
the user.
The G-15 Computer is generally used as an open shop
computer, thus many engineers and mathematicians utilize the
equipment as a tool for solving their problems.

USA C and G SC
1 Programmer, 1 Operator; formal
classes of instruction are given by Bendix personnel at our
request. Individual training or assistance is given by our
computer room personnel as required.

USA AMS
1 Supervisor-analyst, 2.5 programmers, 6
coders; open shop; courses by Department and manufacturer.

USA Eng LRD
A number of engineers from technical
sections of the District will be trained in the use of
Intercom 1000; open shop.

[ page 79 not included - more personnel experience ]

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0080

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY

USA AMS
Average error-free running period 100 Hours
Good time 38.8 Hours/Week Average
Attempted to run time 40.0 Hours/Week Average
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.970
Above figures based on period from May 58 to Jun 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test May 58
Time is not available for rent to outside organiza-
tions.

USA C and G SC
Average error-free running period 2 - 3 Weeks
Good time 35 Hours/Week (Average
Attempted to run time 36 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.97
Above figures based on period 1 Apr 60 to 19 Aug 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test 31 Mar 60
Time is available for rent to qualified outside or-
ganizations.
Computer is available for other agencies if time
available on an 8-hour day basis.

[ page 81 more of above ]

BRL 1961, BENDIX G15, start page 0082

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Manufacturer
Outstanding features include low cost, expandability
through such accessories as magnetic tape, punch card,
paper tape units, plotter, etc., reliability (better than
95,% average uptime for all units installed), fast delivery,
access to hundreds of programs through users exchange
organization, applicability for both business and
scientific problems, and nationwide service facilities.
Unique system advantages include simplified programming
systems like Intercom, Pogo, Autopoint, Algebraic Compiler,
etc., expansion simplified by merely plugging accessories into
the back of the computer, all input, output is fully buffered,
permitting computation during input-output operations, and
alphanumeric input-output.

USA C and G SC
The "Intercom 1000" system has been devised by Bendix as a
programming system that can be learned in two days. It takes
care of decimal point location and provides simple control
over various machine functions.
The machine hardware of the G-15 contains a most
versatile and powerful command structure. Coupled with
this is one of the most completely buffered input-output
systems offered on any computer.
Magnetic tape labelling is not a problem, since only one or
two tapes are used. Paper tape program storage is handled by
labeled storage boxes. Duplicate tapes are kept in a fire
proof vault. This includes paper tape copies of data on
magnetic tape.
We have found the computer easy to use and operate.
Maintenance of the machine is handled from Kansas City,
Missouri, which is about forty-five miles distant. Service
has been very prompt, and the machine is well maintained.

USA Eng LAD
Outstanding features include flexibility in programming.

USA MS
Outstanding features include very versatile programming
features in machine language and very simple programming
in interpreter-compiler system.
Unique system advantage is that it lends itself
readily to open shop operation.
Master tapes of all programs are maintained in case of
destruction of any operational tape.

USA Ord WSMR
Outstanding features: reliable, easy to program with
interpretive routine.
Adopted procedures for magnetic tape labelling, storage,
shipping, and protection from humidity, temperature and
physical, electrical, fire, or other damage include: placed
over cooling tunnel for building air conditioning system and
all electrical plugs are disconnected at night.

[ pages 83, 84, and 85 contain
FUTURE PLANS
INSTALLATIONS ]

BRL 1961, BENDIX G20, start page 0086

BENDIX G20
Bendix G20 General Purpose Data Processing System

MANUFACTURER
Bendix Computer Division
Bendix Aviation Corporation

Photo, 12 K bytes
Photo by the Bendix Computer Division

APPLICATIONS
The completely modular construction of the G-20 system
permits the creation of general purpose commercial data
processing, general purpose scientific computing, off-line,
on-line, or real-time systems by appropriate selection and
interconnection of modules.

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Bihary digits/word 32 + 1 parity bit
Binary digits/instruction 32 + 1 parity bit
Instructions per word 1
Instructions decoded 63 for central processor
Arithmetic system Floating point
Instruction type One address
Number range +- 10^-57 to +- 10⁶⁹
Instruction word format
+-------+--------+-------------------+---------+-----------------+
|Flags | Mode | Operation Code | Index | Base Address |
| | Code | | | |
+-------+--------+-------------------+---------+-----------------+
| 31 30 | 29 28 | 27 21 | 20 15 | 14 0 |
+-------+--------+-------------------+---------+-----------------+

Automatic built-in subroutines include fixed point
arithmetic and storage, 63 index register and associated
operation codes, automatic repeatable commands (32 in
number), can be repeated any desired number of times,
interrupt request hardware, and clock interrupt (1 per
sec.).

Automatic coding includes Symbolic Program and Assembly
Routine, Algebraic Compiler, Executive Routine, Report
Generator, Sort Routines, File Maintenance Routine, and
Commercial Compiler.

Registers and B-boxes include 63 memory locations used
as Index locations (Built-in Index Registers), interrupt
and control registers, and a fixed point exponent
register.

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl Stor Access Exclud Stor Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 27 13
Mult 70 56
Div 112 98
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Transistors 5,000 approx.
Diodes 30,000 approx.
Arithmetic mode Parallel
Timing Synchronous
Operation Concurrent

STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Media Words Digits Microsec
Magnetic Core 4,096 to 28,672 to 8.4
32, 768 1,081,344
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected Any number Units
No. of char/linear inch of tape 550 Char/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 10 Tracks/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
Tape speed 110 or220 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 60,000 Char/sec
Start time 4 Millisec
Stop time 4 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 30 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 1 Inch
Length of reel 3,600 Feet

BRL 1961, BENDIX G20, start page 0087

INPUT
Media Speed
Paper Tape 500 char/sec
Cards 650 cards/min
Control Console (type) Manual
Magnetic Tape 60,000 char/sec
Characters are 8 bits.

OUTPUT
Media Speed
Paper Tape 100 char/sec
Cards 250 cards/min
Printer 600 lines/min
Magnetic Tape 60,000 char/sec
Characters are 8 bits. Printer is up to 120 characters
wide.

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE
SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes 240
Diodes 38,000
Transistors 8,900
Magnetic Cores 173,000 - 1,081,344
The entire system could range from a central processor and
control console with typewriter to a large data system, with
many magnetic tape and card units.
The above information considers the entire system as a
central processor, control console, four magnetic tape units,
a magnetic tape control unit, a card and printer coupler, a
high speed printer and a control buffer.

CHECKING FEATURES
Checking features include parity check in central processor
(to and from memory), parity check on all input-output
equipment, and parity check, parity bit recorded and
automatic read immediately after writing.

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 3.5 KVA 0.9 pf
Volume, computer 67.5 cu ft
Area, computer 12.7 sq ft
Floor loading 24,000 lbs/sq ft
753 lbs concen max
Weight, computer 2,000 lbs
A plenum can be used for air intake from underneath.
No rear access is needed for Central Processor.
All accessory units - subfloor air cooling advisable, but
air intake can be from the back as well as the underside.
Minimum rear access to accessories is 24 inches.
Air conditioner to maintain 650 - 800F ambient
temperature.

PRODUCTION RECORD
Time required for deliveryApprox. 15 months

COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES

G-20 and Accessory Price List Monthly Maint.for Lease per
Purchase Purchased Equipment Month
G-20 Processor, including 4,096 words of core memory $ 290,000 $1,210 $6,500
MM-10 Auxiliary Core Memory of 4,096 55,000 230 1,650
MC-10 Auxiliary Core Memory of 4,096 words & Control 110,000 460 3,300
Feature
CC-10 Control Console Station, including alphanumeric 10,000 45 300
input-output monitor typewriter

TC-10 Magnetic Tape Control Unit - necessary for control 30,500 130 915
of from one to four tape units
MT-10 High Speed Magnetic Tape Unit 28,500 120 855
LP-10 Line Printer (72 characters) (needs CP-10) 28,700 120 860
LP-11 Line Printer (120 characters) (needs CP-11) 68,300 285 2,050
CP-10 Adapter for Card and Tabulator Equipment (80 column) 22,500 95 675
CP-11 Adapter for Card and Tabulator Equipment (120 column) 27,500 115 825
CB-10 Buffer Control Station 50,000 210 1,500
PT-10 Paper Tape Input-Output Station, including a paper 17,500 75 525
tape reader (500 characters per second) and a paper
punch (100 characters per second)
The cost of maintenance for punched equipment on the G-20 Central Processor and all accessory equipment is
given above, along with purchase price and lease rate. The minimum contract will be (1) one year.

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour
Shift Shifts Shifts
Supervisors 1 2 3
Analysts 2 4 5
Programmers 6 8 10
Coders 4 8 12
Clerks 0 1 1
Operators 1 2 3
In-Output Oper 0 0 1
Personnel required will vary from installation to
installation due to type of application, i.e. third shift may
be used unattended with one operator. Figures are for a minimum
lease system.

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
The addressing facilities allow the programmer to
operate on the address, the contents of the address or the
contents of the contents of the address with every command.

Prior to and after computation, information may be
available with the decimal. point in any prespecified digit
position-for work in dollars and cents, etc.

Control buffers, which control input/output separate from the
central processor, may be added to the systems.

INSTALLATIONS
Bendix Computer Division, Bendix Aviation Corporation,
5630 Arbor Vitae Avenue, Los Angeles 45, California
Bendix Aviation Corp., Research Laboratories Div., P. O.
Box 5115, Detroit 35, Michigan

BRL 1961, BIZMAC I, start page 0088

BIZMAC I
Radio Corporation of America BIZMAC System Model I

MANUFACTURER
Radio Corporation of America
Photo, 47 K bytes
Picture by Ordnance Tank-Automotive Command

APPLICATIONS
Demand History File - A file containing demand and issue
data for approximately 100,000 items of supply. This process
involves accumulating and recording for each item in the
file one year's demand and issue activity.

Frequency of File Maintenance: Bi-Weekly

Availability Balance File - A magnetic tape file containing
asset and level information both summarized and separated as
to location for approximately 123,000 items. The processing
of stock status information provides an up-to-date file of
supply information for all items which are recognized as OTAC
responsibility. This file also provides the capability of
editing requisitions by machine and is also used for
statistical analysis of inventory.

Frequency of File Maintenance: 3 Days

Financial Inventory Analysis - A process that provides for
analysis of the asset position of each item in the
Availability Balance File and provides management with
necessary information from which to prepare required
financial reports. Assets and levels are

converted into dollar figures and assets are applied
against levels in established priorities.

Frequency of File Maintenance: Quarterly

Vehicle Parts File - Maintenance of a file containing
about 300,000 messages of repair parts, tools, equipment
items, and special notes, arranged in enditem designation
sequence.

Frequency of File Maintenance: Weekly

Type 3 Supply Manual - Maintenance of a file containing
about 1,250,000 messages of a cross-reference between Federal
Stock Numbers (FSN) and reference numbers, including repair-
part identifying numbers and previously assigned stock
numbers that were withdrawn. The record is maintained in FSN
sequence for all Ordnance managed repair parts.

Frequency of File Maintenance: As required Above applications
are being made by the U. S. Army Ordnance Tank-Automotive
Command.

BRL 1961, BIZMAC I, start page 0089

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Three address
Data are organized in the RCA BIZMAC System in the
following manner:
Seven bits (6 information + 1 parity) comprise one BIZMAC
character (63 characters including ten decimal digits, 26
letters, control symbols, and miscellaneous symbols). A
variable number of related characters preceded (on the left)
by a control symbol comprises an item (corresponding to a
word).
A group of related items enclosed by control symbols is a
message (for handling as a unit on tape).

An instruction consists of eight BIZMAC characters
interpreted as follows:

Operation Variation Addresses

A B C

B B BB BB BB

There are twenty-four basic operations which may be varied
by the variation character to obtain approximately 140
distinct combinations.

The computer may perform decimal and binary arithmetic
operations. Operands are completely variable in length. A 32-
character operand limitation is necessary in decimal
addition and subtraction where an end-around carry is
possible and in multiplication where the multiplicand is
also restricted in the same manner.

ARITHMETIC UNIT
In arithmetic operations, the three addresses are used to
specify the High Speed Memory locations of the least
significant characters of the operands and the result.
Execution time for each of these instructions is variable
depending on the number of significant characters in the
operands. Control symbols as well as space symbols to the
left of operands cause the operations to end. The following
timing formulae are available:

ADDITION TIME is given by 120 + 40C microseconds, where C
equals number of characters in longest operand. This is the
formula for addition with positive operands. Formula time is
increased when the zero suppression or automatic left
justification option is desired or if there is an end-around-
carry.

MULTIPLICATION TIME is given by 160 + 288N + 145MN
microseconds, where M = No. of digits in multiplicand N =
No. of digits in multiplier.
The constants 288 and 145 in the above formula are
average times for reading out characters, and repetitive
additions are determined by the magnitude of the digits in
the multiplier.

Division is programmed, and the time varies with the
type of division program used, as well as with the
characters of the operands.

The timing formulae shown above include instruction
staticizing time as well as transfer-of-data time
to and from the memory.

BRL 1961, BIZMAC I, start page 0090

Basic construction of the arithmetic unit is vacuum tube-
diode. There are no programmed rapid access registers
outside of the 4,096-character High Speed Memory. Basic
pulse-repetition rate is 500 KC throughout the Computer.
Arithmetic operations are primarily serial although pairs of
characters (one from each operand) are read from memory in
parallel.

Construction Magnetic cores and vacuum tubes
Timing Synchronous for the computer
Asynchronous for tape operation
Operation Sequential by character
Concurrent by 7 bits forming the character.

STORAGE
Microsec
Media Digits Access
Magnetic Core 4,096 20
Magnetic Drum 18,000 5,120
Magnetic Tape Indefinite 5,000

Random access to any character in core storage.
Characters may be transferred between magnetic drum
storage in blocks of k or 8 at 80 microseconds per block.
Words are variable in length. Intermediate storage is
magnetic tape. Read/write 10,000 char/sec. 125 char/in
density, 7 bit code.

INPUT
Media Speed
Card Transcriber 375 cards/min
(Card to Magnetic Tape)
Tapewriter and Verifier 5,000 strokes/hour
(Key to Paper Tape)
Paper Tape Transcriber 200 char/sec
(Paper to Magnetic Tape)

Inputs to all data processing equipment via magnetic tapes
are at 10,000 characters/sec with blanks eliminated by
variable word length. Direct paper tape input to the
computer is at 400 characters/sec.

OUTPUT
Media Speed
Electromechanical Printer 300/600 lines/min
120 char/line
Magnetic Tape Transcriber 20 char/sec
(Magnetic to Paper Tape)
Trancoded 50 char/sec
(Magnetic Tape to Teletype Tape)
Document Printer 10 char/sec
(Paper Tape to Typewriter)
Transcribing Card Punch 150 char/min
(Magnetic Tape to Card)
Interrogation Unit 4 min/inquiry
(Magnetic Tape to Typewriter) (average)

BRL 1961, BIZMAC I, start page 0091

Photo of printer - 26 K bytes

ELECTROMECHANICAL PRINTER - Picture by Radio Corporation of America

With the exception of monitor print (via on-line
typewriter) the output of all high-speed data processing
equipment is magnetic tape: 10,000 characters per second
with blanks eliminated by variable word length.
The document printer prints upper and lower case
directly from magnetic tape.

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Tubes 5,000
Tube types 12
Crystal diodes 14,500
Magnetic cores 28,700
The above figures are for the Computer only. System figures
depend on exact equipment complement.
Government Sample
Ordnance Tank-Automotive Command
System has the following complement:

Tubes 30,000
Crystal diodes 70,000
Magnetic cores 35,000
Transistors 200
Separate cabinets 470

CHECKING FEATURES
Parity
The BIZMAC code is designed in such a fashion
that each character of information contains a redundant
parity bit for even parity checking. The various devices in
the system contain hardware for extensive utilization of
this feature. In the Computer, information circulating
internally or transferred to and from tape is checked for parity.

Adder Comparison
The adder forms two sums (the second by
using complements of the operands). These sums must be
equal, or comparator alarms are registered.

An output check is provided by an echo signal, which is
used to determine that writing on tape has properly taken
place.

Dual recording on magnetic tape is provided. Fourteen
channel tape permits the duplicate storage of each bit.

Program Control
Checks are provided to insure that
instructions are properly located, that drum switching is
correctly completed, and that the flow of basic machine
cycles is correct.

Instruction Characteristics
Facilities which are present
for use in programs include a verify instruction for data
comparison, and an overflow alarm usable with decimal
arithmetic instructions.

Computer Stop-Rollback Switch
This device is used to
reduce manual intervention when certain types of errors
are detected: parity, adder comparison, programmed verify
and overflow, control-symbol sequence incoming from tape.
When the switch is in the rollback position a transfer of
control will be made automatically to a specific

BRL 1961, BIZMAC I, start page 0092

drum line, permitting attempts to repeat the affected
operation.

General
Only a partial listing of checking
features is presented above. The RCA BIZMAC System makes
extensive use of hardware checks to insure the proper
operation of the system as a whole. Many of the checks are
implicit in the design (e.g. no erase while reading) or
explicit in special circuits (e.g. parity checking).

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Ordnance Tank-Automotive Command
Power, entire system 246 KW 274 KVA 0.9 pf
Power, air cond. 500 KW
Volume, entire system 2,600 cu ft
Area, entire system 20,000 sq ft
Room size required 61 ft x 360 ft
Weight, computer 26,500 lbs
Floor loading 125 lbs/sq ft
Capacity, air cond. 270 tons
Volume, air cond. 1,200 cu ft
Area, air cond. 100 sq ft
False ceiling and pedestal floor in System Control Center.
Accoustical walls necessary in high speed printer room. High
temp. heads for sprinkler system. 270 ton air conditioning
plant plus precipitrons.

COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
$4.5 million acquisition cost. (1) Computer, (3) File
Maint. computers (fixed program), (1) Interrogation Unit,
(182) tape stations, (1) System Control Unit, (1) Card
Transcriber, (1) Paper Tape Transcriber, (2) high speed
printers, (1) Transcribing Card Punch, (3) Document
Printers, (10) Flexo-writers.

RCA Service Bureau Contract for Maint. $514,000/year

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour
Shift Shifts
Supervisors 8 9
Analysts 7 0
Programmers 22 0
Clerks 4 3
Librarians 0 2
Operators 0 25
In-Output Oper 0 14
Tape Handlers 0 4
Operation tends toward modified "open" shop. Higher echelon
positions of responsibility filled by upgrading. Personnel
"pipe line" is filled at trainee level by necessity.

BRL 1961, BIZMAC I, start page 0093

Initially at manufacturer's plant in Camden, N. J.; later
to be provided at site or plant as required. Programming
and on-the-,job operational training now conducted by
Ordnance personnel at site.

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Ordnance Tank-Automotive Command
Good time 98.29 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating Ratio (Good/ 0.9928
Attempted to run time
Above figures based on period from Mar 60 to Jun 60
Date this system passed customer Nov 55
acceptance test Time is not available for rent to
outside organizations.
Above calculations predicted on:
Total possible available system hours (minus actual
machine downtime)
Example

377.9 Total Production Hours - April 1960
Actual Avail Hours
Less 9.4 Total Unscheduled Maint.
Less 13.2 Total Hours Idle (All Causes)
Less 20.5 Total Hours Spoiled word (All Causes)
-----
334.8 Total Hours Productive - Apr. 60 (Computer only)

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
All equipment items in the RCA BIZMAC System are
designed to accomodate actual data lengths.
All equipment items in the RCA BIZMAC System are designed
to permit equipment integration, i.e. central operation of
all equipment including interconnection of Tape Stations
and operating devices. This means of integration permits
parallel operation of equipment items on "tight" schedule
basis.

A separate equipment item, the Sorter, is provided to
rearrange information on magnetic tape. It is provided to
sort, merge and extract said information with provision for
variations of these basic operations.

A separate equipment item, the Interrogation Unit, is an
optional part of the system. It is a search and print-out
device which permits prompt access to any message stored on
any Tape Station within the RCA BIZMAC System.

The BIZMAC Computer has definite operating advantages:

Random composition - read-in.
Random composition - write-out.
Full algebraic decimal add, subtract and multiply and
binary add and subtract using variable length operands are
possible.
Magnetic tape and drum memory storage of programs
with automatic program input from drum memory.
Automatic rollback function to permit correction of transient
errors.
Three address instruction code with operating variations
provided per instruction.

BRL 1961, BIZMAC I, start page 0094

Photo - 30 K bytes
TAPEWRITER & VERIFIER (Key to Paper Tape) - Picture by Radio Corporation of America

Addressable character extract.
Linear-time-dependent transfer of data.
Automatic zero suppression.
Specific instruction provision for handling subroutines.
Ability to write on tape while computing or reading
(Simultaneous Write Instruction).
High speed paper tape input of 400 characters per second.
Fifteen addressable universal tape trunks,
each can be used either as an input or output trunk.
Ability to read into High Speed Memory in compressed
data form. (Linear Read).

Ordnance Tank-Automotive Command
Outstanding features
include variable word length, absolute count control, and
an interrogation unit.

Unique system advantages are that the interrogation unit
permits rush interrogations at no loss of computer
availability. It also permits data quality control check
which minimizes re-run time. Electronic sorters preclude
use of computer for nonessential processing. One hundred-
eighty two tape stations permits maximum machine loading
thru prescheduling.

Adopted procedures for magnetic tape labelling, storage,
shipping, and protection from humidity, temperature and
physical, electrical, fire, or other damage are those
internal procedures that are in
accordance with Department of the Army and Command
directives.

INSTALLATIONS

Ordnance Tank-Automotive Command
Detroit 9, Michigan

FUTURE PLANS

Plans are being formalized to supplement existing
system with the addition of one (1) RCA 501 System
consisting of (1) Computer - 65K memory, eighteen
(18) Tape Stations, one (1) card transcriber, one
(1) transcribing card punch, one (1) high speed
printer, one (1) tape selecting unit and one (1)
tape switching unit. Part of the above system will
be Government owned and the remainder will be leased
from RCA.

When the capacity of the new system has absorbed a
major portion of the mark I process, it is planned
that one (1) operating shift of the mark I will be
phased out.

Task groups have been recently organized to study
new applications for the other Directorates of this
Command.

PRODUCTION RECORD

Produced 3
Operating 3
Above includes all early BIZMAC models.

[ pages 96 and 97 are more photographs ]

BRL 1961, BIZMAC II, start page 0098

BIZMAC II
BIZMAC II

MANUFACTURER
Radio Corporation of America

Photo - 44 K bytes
Photo by Radio Corporation of America

APPLICATIONS
Located at the EDP Center, Electronic Data Processing
Division, RCA, Camden, New Jersey, the system is used for
engineering desing, automated design of wiring for electronic
equipment, accounting, statistical analysis, medical
research, market research - automated logic, and management
controls and clerical automation.

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Three address
Data are organized in the BIZMAC II System in the
following manner:
Seven bits (6 information + 1 parity) comprise one BIZMAC
character (63 characters including ten decimal digits, 26
letters, control symbols, and miscellaneous symbols). A
variable number of related characters preceded (on the left)
by a control symbol comprises an item (corresponding to a
word).
A group of related items enclosed by control symbols is a
message (for handling as a unit on tape).

An instruction consists of eight BIZMAC characters
interpreted as follows:
Operation Variation Addresses
--------- --------- ---------
A B C
B B BB BB BB

There are twenty-four basic operations which may be varied
by the variation character to obtain approximately 140
distinct combinations.
The computer may perform decimal and binary arithmetic
operations. Operands are completely variable in length. A 32-
character operand limitation is necessary in decimal addition
and subtraction where an end-around carry is possible and in
multiplication where the multiplicand is also restricted in
the same manner.

BRL 1961, BIZMAC II, start page 0099

ARITHMETIC UNIT
In arithmetic operations, the three addresses are used to
specify the high speed memory locations of the least
significant characters of the operands and the result.
Execution time for each of these instructions is variable
depending on the number of significant characters in the
operands. Control symbols as well as space symbols to the left
of operands cause the operations to end. The following timing
formulae are available:
ADDITION TIME is given by 120 + 40C microseconds, where C
equals number of characters in longest operand. This is the
formula for addition with positive operands. Formula time
is increased when the zero suppression or automatic left
justification option is desired or if there is an end-
around-carry.
MULTIPLICATION TIME is given by 160 + 288N + 145MH
microseconds, where M = No. of digits in multiplicand N = No.
of digits in multiplier.
The constants 288 and 145 in the above formula are
average times for reading out characters, and repetitive
additions are determined by the magnitude of the digits in
the multiplier.
Division is programmed, and the time varies with the
type of division program used, as well as with the
characters of the operands.
The timing formulae shown above include
instructionstaticizing time as well as transfer-of-data time
to and from the memory.
Basic construction of the arithmetic unit is vacuum tube-
diode. There are no programmed rapid access registers outside
of the 8,192-character high speed memory. Basic pulse-
repetition rate is 500 KC throughout the computer. Arithmetic
operations are primarily serial although pairs of characters
(one from each operand) are read from memory in parallel.

Construction Magnetic cores and vacuum tubes
Timing Synchronous for the computer
Asynchronous for tape operation
Operation Sequential by character
Concurrent by 7 bits forming the character

STORAGE
No. of Access
Media Alpha Char Microsec
Magnetic Core 8,192 20/char
Magnetic Drum 32,736 5,120
Magnetic Tape Indefinite 5,000

INPUT
Media Speed
Card Transcriber 400 char/min
Tapewriter & Verifier Operator limited
Paper Tape 200 char/sec

OUTPUT
Media Speed
Electro-mechanical 600 lines/min
Printer (off-line)
Document Printer 9 char/sec
Transcribing Card Punch 150 cards/min
Interrogation Unit 4 min/avg inquiry

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM

Tubes 5,000
Tube types 12
Crystal diodes 14,500
Magnetic cores 28,700
The above figures are for the computer only. System figures
depend on exact equipment complement.

CHECKING FEATURES
Parity
The BIZMAC code is designed in such a fashion that
each character of information contains a redundant parity bit
for even parity checking. The various devices in the system
contain hardware for extensive utilization of this feature.
In the computer, information circulating internally or
transferred to and from tape is checked for parity.

Adder Comparison
The adder forms two suns (the second by
using complements of the operands). These sums must be
equal, or comparator alarms are registered.

Tape Checks
Input checks are provided to assure that the
proper sequence of control symbols is sensed (marking the
beginning and end of messages). The first character read in
is checked to see that it is one of three permissible
control symbols.
An output check is provided by an echo signal, which is
used to determine that writing on tape has properly taken
place.
Dual recording on magnetic tape is provided. Fourteen
channel tape permits the duplicate storage of each bit.

Program Control
Checks are provided to insure that
instructions are properly located, that drum switching is
correctly completed, and that the flow of basic machine
cycles is correct.

Instruction Characteristics
Facilities which are present
for use in programs include a verify instruction for data
comparison, and an overflow alarm usable with decimal
arithmetic instructions.

Computer Stop-Rollback Switch
This device is used to
reduce manual intervention when certain types of errors are
detected: parity, adder comparison, programmed verify and
overflow, control-symbol sequence incoming from tape. When
the switch is in the rollback position a transfer of control
will be made automatically to a specific drum line,
permitting attempts to repeat the affected operation.

General
Only a partial listing of checking features is
presented above. The RCA Bizmac System makes extensive use of
hardware checks to insure the proper operation of the system
as a whole. Many of the checks are implicit in the design
(e.g. no erase while reading) or explicit in special circuits
(e.g. parity checking).

BRL 1961, BIZMAC II, start page 0100

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 37.2 Kw 50.9 KVA
Power, air cond 5.0 Kw 7.5 KVA
Volume, computer 2,600 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner 1,200 cu ft
Area, computer 325 sq ft
Area, air conditioner 100 sq ft
Room size, computer 5,000 sq ft (entire system)
Room size, air conditioner 100 sq ft
Capacity, air conditioner 15 Tons
Weight, computer 26,500 lbs
Plenum. Unit wiring overhead.

PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced 3
Number operating 3
See BIZMAC I

COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
(1) Computer, (3) file maint. computers (fixed pro am),
(1) interrogation unit, (182) tape stations,
) system control unit, (1) card transcriber, (1) paper tape
transcriber, (2) high speed printers, (1) transcribing card
punch, (3) document printers, (10) Flexo-writers for the
BIZMAC I cost $4,500,000 to acquire. Maintenance service on
BIZMAC I is done by computer installation personnel.

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Three 8-Hour Shifts
Supervisors 5
Analysts 3
Programmers 4
Coders 14
Clerks & Secretary 2
Librarians 0
Operators 4
Engineers 0
Technicians 1
In-Output Operators 4
Operation tends toward closed shop.
Methods of training used is a combination of formal
instruction and on-the-job training.

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Good time 102.7 Hours/Week (Average)
Attempted to run time 104.73 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.98
Above figures based on period 1 Jan 60 to 30 Jun 60
Time is available for rent to outside organizations.

ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features are interrogation unit, a direct on-
line paper tape input to computer at 400 char/sec, dual
recording on tape, and variable word and message lengths.
Standard security procedures for handling magnetic tape
have been adopted.

INSTALLATIONS
Electronic Data Processing Division
Camden EDP Center
Camden, New Jersey

[ page 0101 is blank ]

BRL 1961, BOGART, start page 0102

BOGART
Bogart Computing System

APPLICATIONS
Department of Defense Located at Fort George G. Meade,
Maryland, the system is used for mathematical calculations by
the Department of Defense.

STORAGE
Department of Defense
Medium No. of Words
Magnetic Core 4,096

INPUT
Department of Defense
Media Speed
Paper Tape (Ferranti)400 frames/sec
Magnetic Tape (IBM 727) 75 inches/sec
Flexowriter Manual

OUTPUT
Department of Defense
Media Speed
Paper Tape 60 frames/sec
Magnetic Tape (IBM 727)75 inches/sec
Flexowriter 10 char/sec

MANUFACTURER
Remington Rand Univac
Division of Sperry Rand Corporation

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Department of Defense
One 8-flour Shift
Supervisors 1
Operators 1
Engineers 1
Technicians 1
Operation tends toward closed shop.
Formal class and on-the-job training is given.

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Department of Defense
Good time 38 Hours/week (Average
Attempted to run time38.4 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.989
Above figures based on period 1 Dee 59 to 31 Dec 59
Time is not available for rent to outside organiza-
tions.

INSTALLATIONS
Fort George G. Meade, Maryland

[ page 0103 is blank ]

BRL 1961, BRLESC, start page 0104

BRLESC

Ballistic Research Laboratories Electronic Scientific Computer

MANUFACTURER
Ballistic Research Laboratories

Photo - 40 K bytes

Photo by U. S. Army

APPLICATIONS
Exterior ballistics problems such as high altitude,
solar and lunar trajectories, computation for the
preparation of firing tables and guidance control data for
Ordnance weapons, including free flight and guided
missiles.
Interior ballistic problems, including projectile,
propellant and launcher behavior, e.g. physical
characteristics of solid propellants, equilibrium
composition and thermodynamic properties of rocket
propellants, computation of detonation waves for reflected
shock waves, vibration of gun barrels and the flow of
fluids in porous media.
Terminal ballistic problems, including nuclear,
fragmentation and penetration effects in such areas as
explosion kinetics, shaped charge behavior, ignition, and
heat transfer.
Ballistic measurement problems, including
photogramnetric, ionospheric, and damping of satellite
spin calculations, reduction of satellite doppler tracking
data, and computation of satellite orbital elements.
Weapon systems evaluation problems, including antiaircraft
and nati-missile evaluation, war game prolems,
linear programming for solution of Army logistical
problems, probabilities of mine detonations, and lethal
area and kill probabilities of mine detonations, and lethal
area and kill probability studies of missiles.

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 68 + 4 parity
Binary digits/instruction 68
Instructions/word 1
Instructions decoded 33
Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point
Instruction type Three-address
Instruction word format
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 4 | 4 | 6 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 6 | 14 |
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|Order |Para- | Index| A-Ad-|Index | B-Ad-|Index | Y-Ad-|
|type |meter | | dress| | dress| | dress|
+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

BRL 1961, BRLESC, start page 0105

Number word format Fixed Point
+------+------+----------------------+
|3 | 1 | 4 . 60 |
+------+------+----------------------+
Tag Sign Binary
Point

Number word format Floating Point
+------+------+----------------------+------+
|3 | 1 | 4 . 52 | 8 |
+------+------+----------------------+------+
Tag Sign Binary Coefficient Biased
Point Exp of 16

Automatic built-in subroutines
In addition to the standard set of jump instructions,
three more jump instructions have been included which
will be used in connection with the "permanent" storage
of "built-in" subroutines. These are Jump to "permanent"
instruction, Jump to "built-in" subroutine, and Set index
and jump to main memory.

Registers and B-boxes
The machine will have 63-one microsecond access index
registers, addressable by the A, B, and Y addresses of the
instruction words.

The parameter bits of the instruction word are used to
indicate variations of the basic order type.

All three arithmetic registers are 68 bits. Tag bits
enter these registers only on the logical instructions and
the shift instruction if it is cyclic or is a Boolean
shift. On arithmetic orders, the tag bits are saved in a
separate three bit register and the three extra bits in the
arithmetic registers are used for checking overflow. Thus
the range of numbers in the arithmetic unit is
-128 < N < 128.

Add and subtract are performed the same as for
normalized arithmetic, except the result is never
shifted left at the end of the operation.
Before multiply is done, the coefficient that has the
largest absolute value is normalized. There is no left
normalization after the operation. Thus the result has
approximately the same number of significant digits as the
operand that had the smaller number of significant digits.
It does tend to retain an average of about two or more bits
than it should, however.
Before divide is done, both operands are normalized but
the number of divide steps performed is reduced
accordingly so that the result has approximately the same
number of significant digits as the operand that had the
smaller number of significant digits.

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Microseconds
Operation Excl A T Incl A T
Fixed point add or subtract 1 5
Fixed or floating multiply 20 25
Fixed or floating divide 60 65
Floating add or subtract 3.0 6
Boolean logic operation 1 5
Indexing and control 2 2(Avg)

Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
The arithmetic unit is constructed of standard vacuum
tube logical packages, with tube driven, crystal diode
logical gating. The arithmetic unit only is constructed of
1727 vacuum tubes of 4 types,
853 transistors of 3 types, 46,500 diodes of 2 types
and 1,600 pulse transformers of 1 type.

Arithmetic mode Parallel
Timing Synchronous
Logical events are controlled by a five-phase
clock, permitting decisions at a 5 Mc rate.

Operation Concurrent
Indexing and control will be concurrent with
arithmetic operations.
Except for arithmetic or Boolean compare instructions,
the test overflow instructions with P₃₃ = 1,
or any arithmetic order that stores in any index register
or stores in the location of the next instruction, the
machine always gets its next instruction from the memory
while it is doing the previous instruction. If this next
instruction is one of the control and indexing orders, it
is immediately done, unless it is an input-output order or
a test overflow order. If it is done, it proceeds to get
another instruction and do it, if possible. Thus almost all
of the control and indexing orders can be done concurrently
with the arithmetic or logical orders. Only the arithmetic
and logical orders require the use of the main arithmetic
unit of the machine.

All types of input-output orders can be done concurrently
with other instructions. Automatic interlocks are provided
so as to prevent timing conflict. Reference to a main
memory position within the range of either an input or
output instruction will halt the computer until the input
or output transfer has occurred at that memory position.
The computer is released as soon as the transfer of that
particular word has been made and does not wait for the
entire transfer to be completed. There is no interlock on
the index memory when it is used as index registers. Only
the effective addresses A, B, and Y are conflict checked. The
programmer can easily make the computer wait until such a
transfer is complete by using the last address in the index
range of the snout order in the A, B, or C addresses of a
dummy order. An input-output instruction is not started
until the previous arithmetic instruction is finished,
hence the last arithmetic result may be included in the
range of any input-output order.

As many as five input-output orders can be operating
concurrently with computing and with each other. There is a
separate trunk for reading cards, punching cards, using
drum, and two separate trunks for using magnetic tape and
all five of these trunks
can operate concurrently.
STORAGE
No. of Digits Access
Media Words per Word Microsec
Magnetic Core (Main) 4,096 72 binary 2
Magnetic Core (Index) 63 16 binary 1
Magnetic Drums (Two) 24,576
Magnetic Tapes (Six)
No. of units that can be connected 16 Units
No. of chars/linear inch 400 Char/in
Channels or tracks on the tape 16 Tracks/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.80 Inches
Tape speed 150 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 120,000 Char/sec
Start time 3.0 Millisec
Stop time 3.0 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel 60 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 1.0 Inches
Length of reel 2,500 Feet
Composition 0.43 Magnetic coating
1.45 Mil
Provision is made for up to 16,384 words of high speed
memory and system can be expanded to 28 tape stations.

BRL 1961, BRLESC, start page 0106

INPUT
Media Speed
Card Reader 800 cards/min
Magnetic Tape See "Storage"

OUTPUT
Media Speed
Card Punch 250 cards/min
Magnetic Tape See "Storage"
Peripheral equipment. A single unit that is capable of
converting alphanumerical characters from cards to tape,
tape to high speed printer, tape to cards, cards to high
speed printer and paper to magnetic tape.

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes
5847 5,600
6197 110
6C4 110
6AQ5 220
Misc 80
Diodes
LD70/CTP309 12,600
LD71 100,000
Misc 13,700
Transistors
2N697 600
2N1143 240
2N398 1,600
Misc 6,300

CHECKING FEATURES
Code checking features will include stopping on any
selected address, the display of the contents of any
memory cell, the display of normal or abnormal conditions,
the ability to manually store in any selected memory cell,
and the ability to transfer control to any part of the
system. Parity checking is performed in each of the four
17-bit groups in each word.

POWER. SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computing system 35 Kw
Power, air conditioner 20 Kw
Space, computing system Plenum is 30 ft x 40 ft
Space, air conditioner Chilled water is sent
two flights up to compu-
ter site to heat exchanger,
transferring heat from
computer closed loop air
to closed loop chilled
water. On ground floor,
compressor refrigerant ab-
sorbs heat from chilled
water. An evaporative
system absorbs heat from
refrigerant in a cooling
tower. Compressor located
two floors below. Liquid
coolant piped upstairs.
Heat exchanger, computer
closed-loop air-to-coolant
at computer site, and
coolant-to-outside air
downstairs.
Capacity, air conditioner 25 Tons

PRODUCTION RECORD
Number of systems produced to date 1
Operational date anticipated as 1 April 1961.

COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
The approximate cost, including an additional bank of 4,096
words of high speed memory, 6 tape stations, the system as
described, with all peripheral converters and input-output
equipment, site preparation, overhead and other related
costs will be approximately 2.0 million dollars.

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Three 8-Hour Shifts
Supervisors 6
Analysts 3
Programmers and Coders 14
Clerks 1
Engineers 1
Technicians 6
No engineers are assigned to the operation of the
machine, but are used for development and design of
additions to the machine. The technicians consult the
engineers when a total break-down occurs.

RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
A high degree of reliability is achieved by utilizing
standard logical plug-in packages, a ruggedized, long life,
driver tube, derated components and point-to-point soldered
connections.

INSTALLATIONS
Computing Laboratory
Ballistic Research Laboratories
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland

[ page 0107 is blank ]

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 204, start page 0108

BURROUGHS 204
Burroughs 204 Electronic Data Processing System

MANUFACTURER
Burroughs Corporation
(Formerly manufactured by the Electrodata Corporation)

APPLICATIONS
Manufacturer

Photo - 40 K bytes

See Burroughs 205 for further details

U. S. Army Tank-Automotive Command Located at Detroit
Arsenal, the system is used for engineering projects (tank
firing stability studies, fuel consumption (battlefield
day), performance analysis, suspension studies, and data
reduction), and for mathematical programs (solution of
complex formula and equation, empirical curve fitting,
precision simulation of vehicle behavior, land locomotion
research support, and mathemetical model development).

U. S. Naval Air Test Center Located in Armament
Test, NATO, Patuxent River, Md., the system is used for
reduction of experimental test data concerning naval
aircraft and systems. Examples are phototheodolite space
positions, aircraft sighting tables, fire control systems
test, and aircraft performance - climb, speed, etc.

U. S. Air Force Wright Air Development Center Located
in Bldg. 30, WADD, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, the system
is used for scientific data reduction in flight and
engineering test field.
American Bosch Arma Corp. Located at the Arma
Division, ABAC, Garden City, N. Y., the system is used for
the design, development, testing, and evaluation of inertial
guidance systems,

Photo by U. S. Army Ordnance Tank-Automotive Command

airborne digital computers, and other electronic
equipment.
California Research Corporation Located at 527
Standard Avenue, Richmond, California, the system is used
for computative work associated with a large petroleum
research laboratory. It might be described as calculations
resulting from chemical analysis, engineering calculation,
and analysis of data.
Convair, Division of General Dynamics Corp. Located in
Building 4 Convair, Pomona (Engineering Computer
Laboratoriesj, this machine is used on many varied types of
problems, for example, trajectories, evaluation of rational
polynomials, finding routs of polynomials, inverse Laplace,
heat transfer, optics, regression analysis, scheduling of
completion of manufacture of a missile via completion of its
parts, etc.
The Dow Chemical Company Located in A-1201, Room
42, Plant "A", Freeport, Texas, the system is used for the
solution of technical and scientific problems.
Great Lakes Pipe Line Company Located in the Bryant
Building, Kansas City, Mo., the system is used to conduct
research on product scheduling by computer accounting and
administrative control operations.

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 204, start page 0109

Photo
Photo by American Bosch Arma Corporation

[ and leaving out 7 applications ]
Purdue University Computing Laboratory Located at ENAD,
W. Lafayette, Indiana, the system is used for undergraduate
and graduate instruction and research. It is also used for
student scheduling.

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Manufacturer
See Burroughs 205 for further details.

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Manufacturer
See Burroughs 205 for further details.

STORAGE
Manufacturer
See Burroughs 205 for further details.
U. S. Army OTAC
Magnetic Drum 4,000 words (Main; Magnetic Drum 80
words (High Speed Loops); Magnetic Tape 800,000 words.
U. S. Naval Air Test Center
Magnetic Drum 4,080 words; Magnetic Tape 400,000 words,
2 units.
USAF WADC
MD 4,080 words; MT 400,000 words/tape.
Arma
MD 4,080; MT 400,000.
Cal Res Corp
MD 4,080
Convair
MD 4,080 words; Magnetic tape can be construed as
additional storage. Three tape transports are "on-
line" with the system. Each 2500 ft reel of 3/4 inch
tape can have 10,000 blocks of 20 words-on each of two
read/write heads (channels). Approx. 10000X20X2 = 400,000
words.

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 204, start page 0110

Photo
Photo by California Research Corporation

Dow Chemical MD 4,080 words; Mr 2,000,000 words. The
average access time for 80 words of drum memory is 850 micro
seconds.
Great Lakes Pipe Line
MD 4, 080; MT 3 units
Socony - Dallas
MD 4,080; MT 1,200,000 words, 3 units.Tape is
addressable. Tape search for a specific location
can occur simultaneously with computation. Maximum
search time is approximately 7 minutes.
Socony - Paulsboro
MD 4,080 words; MT
United
Gas
No. of No. ofAccess
Media Words DigitsMicrosec
Magnetic Drum (Main) 4,000 44,000 8,500
Magnetic Drum (Loop) 80 800 850
Magnetic Tape400,0004,400,000 240 x 104
DataFile 2,000,00022,000,000 240 x 10
4 high speed 20-word drum loops (mean random access 850
microseconds). 4,000 word intermediate-speed (3960 rpm) main
drum memory. This system has two magnetic tape transports and
one Data File.
Purdue MD 4,080; MT 400,000/reel. If the entire
tape is accessed on a random basis, the average access
time will be 3.5 minutes.

INPUT
Manufacturer See Burroughs 205 for
further details.

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 204, start page 0111

Photo
Photo by Convair, Pomona, California

OUTPUT
Manufacturer See Burroughs 205 for
further details.

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 204, start page 0112

Photo
Photo by Dow Chemical Company

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 204, start page 0113

Photo
Photo by United Gas Corporation

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Manufacturer See Burroughs 205 for
further details.

CHECKING FEATURES
Manufacturer See Burroughs 205 for
further details.

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Manufacturer See Burroughs 205 for
further details.

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 204, start page 0114

PRODUCTION RECORD
Manufacturer See Burroughs 205 for
further details.

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 204, start page 0115

PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Manufacturer See Burroughs 205 for
further details.

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 205, start page 0120

BURROUGHS 205
Burroughs Model 205 Electronic Data Processing System

MANUFACTURER
Burroughs Corporation

Photo - 32 K bytes
Photo by Burroughs Corporation

APPLICATIONS
Manufacturer System is designed specifically to cope
with the full range of electronic computing problems in the
fields of business industry, science and government.

U. S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency
Five systems used for missile research and development.

[ many customers and applications not included ]

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 205, start page 0123

Photo - 32 K bytes
Photo by the U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Corona

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 205, start page 0124

Photo - 32 K bytes
Photo by the U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Corona

PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Manufacturer
Internal number system Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits/word 10 plus sign
Decimal digits/instruction 2 to 10
Instructions/word 1
Instructions decoded 83
Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point
Instruction type One address

Number range Floating 10^-51 <= N <= 10⁴⁹

Fixed +(1-10^-10) to -(1-10^-10)

Instruction word format
+---+------------+-------+----------+
| s | 1 2 3 4 | 5 6 | 7 8 9 0 |
+---+------------+-------+----------+
| +_| Control | Oper | Address |
| | Digits | Code | |
+---+------------+-------+----------+

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 205, start page 0125

Automatic built-in subroutines may include special order
of table lookup command.
Automatic coding includes Data Code 1, a compiler; Star 0
Assembly Routine; SAC Assembly Routine; Purdue Compiler;
Shell Symbolic Assembler; Tape Subroutine Compiler; Shell-
Bell Interpreter, etc.
Registers and B-boxes
Registers in the Burroughs 205 consist of the A-
Accumulator, capacity of 10 digits and sign which holds
arithmetic operand and result. The R register, 10 digits,
acts as an extension of the A register where necessary. D
register, 10 digits and sign, acts as distributor for
transfers to and from storage. C or Control Register, 10
digit register containing command currently being executed. B
Register, a four digit register used for modification and
tally. All registers act as temporary high speed storage for
either arithmetic quantities or control.

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Manufacturer
Incl Stor Access Exclud Stor Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 1,019 or 1,188
Mult 9,300 mean 8,450 mean
Div 12,680 mean 11,830 mean
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Synchronous
Operation Sequential

STORAGE
Manufacturer
Access
Media No. of Words No. of Digits Microsec
Magnetic Drum 4,080 40,800 850 (Quick)
Magnetic Tape 400,000 400,000,000 240,000,000
Datafile 2,000,000 20,000,000 24,000,000
Access time is for entire contents. Quick access loops
store 80 words, (four 20-word loops). Access time can vary
from 84 to 16,800 microseconds depending on position of drum
at start of computer command. Datafile is two channel tape,
10,000 addressable blocks/channel, 20 words/block. Datafile
gives random access search in either direction. Computation
continues suring search.

Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 10 Units
No. of char/linear inch of tape 200 Char/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 12 Tracks/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.38 Inches
Tape speed 60 Inches/sec

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 205, start page 0126

Transfer rate 6,000 Char/sec
Start time 168 Millisec
Stop time 16 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 30 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.75Inches
Length of reel 2,500 Feet
Composition Plastic Base
Twelve channels are recorded across the width of the
tape. Of the twelve, only six are read or recorded at one
time. The six channels are called a lane. The six channels
or one lane are interlaced with those of the other lane.
Each of the two lanes has its own read-write head. 400,000
words are on each reel of magnetic tape.
The following installations utilize Magnetic Drum, Data
File (Bin, and Magnetic Tape:
ENS Burroughs
USNOL Corona USS
Griffiss AFB WRL
AIC

The following installations utilize Magnetic Drum
and Magnetic Tape:
USN MDL ITT
USN USL NDCA
NASA ARC OOC
ATIC W-P PP & LC
Little WE
GICA
The following installations utilize Magnetic Drum and
Data File (Bin):
MMLIC WE
The following installations utilize Magnetic Drum only:
ABMA CGC
ARGMA GE Rome, Ga.
USA CC KSC
USN HO Washington Linde
USN RDL LA
AMIC NNG
B & W Alliance U of N
B & W Lynchburg U of D
CCC U of V

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 205, start page 0127

Photo - 32 K bytes
Photo by the U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Corona

INPUT
Manufacturer
Media Speed
Paper Tape 540 digits/sec
Keyboard Manual
Magnetic Tape 6,000 digits/sec
Cards 400 digits/sec each reader
Up to seven card readers per system may be used.
The following installations utilize Magnetic Tape, Paper
Tape, Punched Cards and usually have a Manual Keyboard as
input media (Paper Tape systems are high speed photo-
electric readers):

[ lists of users not included ]

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 205, start page 0128

OUTPUT
Manufacturer
Media Speed
Electric Typewriter 10 char/sec
Punched Paper Tape 60 digits/sec
Magnetic Tape 6,000 digits/sec
Punched Cards 1,800 char/min
Printer 150 lines/min
Up to seven printers and/or punch card machines may be
included per system. Figures are given for each unit. Units
can be parallel for increased over all speeds. Printer is
an IBM 407 Tabulator.
The following installations utilize Magnetic Tape, Paper
Tape, Punched Cards and usually have an electric typewriter
as output media: ALMA (5) BNS USN HO Washington (plus
printer) USN MDL (plus printer) USNOL Corona (plus printer)
USN USL (plus printer) Griffiss AFB (plus printer) NASA ARC
ATIC W-P AIC (plus printer) Little (plus printer)

Burroughs (plus printer)
CGC (plus printer)
GE Rome, Ga. (plus printer)
GICA (plus printer)
NNG (plus printer
OOC (plus printer
PP & LC (plus printer)
WE System I (plus printer)
WE System II (plus printer)
The following installations utilize High Speed Paper
Tape and Punched Cards: USN RDL (plus printer) CCC KSC
(plus printer) MMLIC (plus printer) U of N
The following installation utilizes Magnetic Tape,
Punched Cards and a Printer as output media: AMIC
The following installations utilize Magnetic Tape and
Paper Tape as output media: ITT NDCA USS WRL

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 205, start page 0129

The following installations utilize Paper Tape as
an output medium:
B & W Alliance U of D
Linde U of V
The following installations utilize Punched Cards as an
output medium: B & W Lynchburg (plus IBM 402 Tab) LA (plus
printer)

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Manufacturer
Type Quantity
Tubes Approx. 1,202
Diodes Approx. 3,800

CHECKING FEATURES
Manufacturer
Fixed:
The Burroughs 205 automatically stops upon the
appearance of an unanticipated overflow. An alarm light
is turned on and computation is stopped by a forbidden
combination (binary-coded decimal digit 10 thru 15) in
the A, B, D, and R Registers, the

Address Register, Control Counter, and Shift Counter.
Inspection of the registers on the Control Panel indicates
the failure location. An alarm stops the computer if the
storage cell counted does not contain all zeros at the start
of each drum revolution. This prevents information from being
recorded on or read from incorrect locations on the drum. An
audible alarm indicates excessive rise in exhaust air
temperature in the computer cabinet. After a pre-set
interval, up to 15 minutes, DC voltage will be shut off if
the temperature stays at or above a predetermined level.
Optional:
The marginal voltage test panel facilities selective
lowering of voltages in registers and control section, which,
in conjunction with test routines, can detect marginal
components before they give trouble in actual operation.
Supervisory test panel on front of computer has extensive
controls and check features, including access to any flip-flop
for manual setting, substitution of manual or low frequency
pulse operation for the drum clock, and a switch panel which
allows maintenance personnel to force abnormal register
behavior and to inhibit certain normal checking functions for
diagnostic purposes. Contents of all registers are displayed
simultaneously at all times.

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 205, start page 0130

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Manufacturer
Power, computer 16.5 KVA
Volume, computer 181 cu ft
Area, computer 28 sq ft
Weight, computer 3,175 lbs
Special flooring is recommended for the Burroughs 205
System to handle the combined and individual weight of the
units and to accommodate the intercabling. Since all units of
the system are designed to have their cables enter from
underneath their cabinets, raceways or ducts in the floor are
recommended to accommodate the inter-cabling. There are three
types of floors which have been found to be completely
satisfactory: (1) raised floor, (2) existing floor with built
in cable raceways, and (3) existing floors with cables
underneath enclosed in metal conduit. The area should provide
adequate lighting, some acoustical treatment, communication
equipment, and convenience of access to the equipment. The
power line should not be serving other heavy equipment which
may generate excessive voltage fluctuation. Vibration from
such heavy machinery in the vicinity of the system could
shorten the life of certain sensitive components.
There should be adequate space to
accommodate the necessary refrigeration equipment, and the
area should lend itself economically to complete air
conditioning. Amount of air conditioning depends upon size
of computer system installed. For every 12,000 BTU/hour
generated by the system one ton of refrigeration is
recommended. Environmental condition should also be taken
into consideration. The floor load in the computing center
can range from 175 to 200 lbs per sq ft and up to 250 per sq
ft under the power supply unit. The site selected for the
computing center must have a floor which can support the
combined weight of the system as well as the localized
weight at each leveling point on the
units.
ABMA (5)
Power, computer 31.5 Kw 45 KVA 0.7 pf
Volume, computer 11,200 cu ft
Area, computer 700 sq ft
Room size, computer 700 sq ft
Capacity, air conditioner 15 Tons
Weight, computer 18,370 lbs
ARGMA
Power, computer 22.7 Kw
Power, air conditioner 11.9 Kw

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 205, start page 0134

[ 2.5 pages of individual site preparation experience not included ]

PRODUCTION RECORD

Manufacturer
Number in current operation 112

Time required for delivery 4 months

COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Manufacturer

Purchase Monthly
Price Rental
Computer, Model 205 $135,000 $3,900
Includes cabinet, plug-ins,
and 4080 word magnetic drum
memory with read-write heads.
Also includes Magnetic Electronic
Power Supply and Power Control Units.

Control Consoles Include decimal
keyboard, displays of the computer
registers, and computer controls.
(Control Console Model 406 or 409 is
required with a computer system that
includes Cardatron.

Control Console, Model 406 14,210 490
Includes both a photo-electric
reader and a high speed punch
(60 characters per second).

Control Console, Model 409 11,230 362
Includes a photo-electric
reader only.

Control Console, Model 403 7,050 230
The photo-electric reader and
high-speed punch are not included.

Control Console, Model 402 13,270 423
Performs the same functions as
the Model 406, except that the
punch perforates paper tape at
the rate of 20 characters per second.

Consolette, Model 405 1,980 70
Includes decimal keyboard,
essential computer controls and
indicators, but does not include
displays of the computer registers.

Typewriter Control, Model 446 4,560 137
Usable with all consoles, the
typewriter control includes the
stand which supports the Flexowriter
and contains external format control
equipment and a relay translator.

[ 1 page (135) of price list not included ]

BRL 1961, BURROUGHS 205, start page 0136

Two digit selectors
One half-time emitter
One single panel manual plugboard
Optional Features:
Group of five 2-position pilot 250 10
selectors
One additional digit selector 200 10
Additional plugboard 50

All prices are subject to change without notice.

Outline of lease policy
Basic monthly rental entitles the customer to a
maximum of one hundred and seventy-six (176) hours
of use time during each calendar month. Use time of
each system component in excess of one hundred and
seventy-six (176) hours will be chargeable at the
rate of forty percent of the hourly basic rental.
The hourly basic rental is 1176th of the basic month-
ly rental. Extra use charges will be computed to the
nearest half hour.
Use time is defined as follows: "The time during
which each component is in operation exclusive of
preventive or remedial maintenance time. When com-
ponents are inter-connected and programmed to operate
as a system, all such components shall be deemed to
be in