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| BRL 1964, IBM 1401, starting page 0144
|
IBM 1401
Data Processing System
MANUFACTURER
International Business Machine Corporation
Photo by IBM
APPLICATIONS
General purpose computing and data processing.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits/word Variable length
Decimal digits/instruction One to eight
Instructions/word Variable length
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type One or two address
Instruction word format
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+
| OP | A/I Address | B Address | d Modifier |
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+
| X | XXX | XXX | X |
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+
+----+-------------+-----------+
| OP | (A/I) | B |
+----+-------------+-----------+
| X | XXX | XXX |
+----+-------------+-----------+
+----+-------------+-----+
| OP | (A/I) | d |
+----+-------------+-----+
| X | XXX | X |
+----+-------------+-----+
+----+-------------+
| OP | (A/I) |
+----+-------------+
| X | XXX |
+----+-------------+
+----+----+
| OP | d |
+----+----+
| X | X |
+----+----+
+----+
| OP |
+----+
| X |
+----+
OP 1 character operation
A/I 3 character storage address where A is location
of a data word or I is address of next instruction
B 3 character storage address of a data word
d 1 character modifier
Automatic coding includes a symbolic programming system.
Registers
I Address Register
A Address Register
B Address Register
| BRL 1964, IBM 1401, starting page 0145
|
A Register
B Register
A Index Register
B Index Register
AB Index Register
A and B Address Registers allow chaining of instructions,
i.e., performing a series of operations on several
fields that are in sequence in storage. Less time is
required to perform the operations and space is saved
in storing instructions.
Indexing is part of optional advanced programming
feature which also includes abilities to move full
records and to store A and B Address Registers for
easy program modification.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access
Microsec
Add 300 (8 + 8 digits)
Mult 1,960 (6 x 4 digits)
Div 3,002 (10/4 digits)
Multiply-Divide times are for the Multiply-Divide feature installed.
1401 is an "Add-to-Storage" system. No additional
instructions or time is required to store results.
Arithmetic mode Serial (by character)
Timing Synchronous Asynchronous
(Depending on function)
Operation Sequential Concurrent
(Depending on function)
Timing - Operations
Card input/output can often be overlapped with processing.
Print output can be partially overlapped with processing;
or can be completely overlapped with print storage installed.
Magnetic tape input/output can be partially overlapped.
Internal processing is serial.
STORAGE
No. of Access
Medium Alphanum/Char Microsec
Magnetic Core 1,400; 2,000; 4,000; 11.5
8,000; 12,000; 16,000
Magnetic Disk 10,000,000 500,000 (Avg)
(Type 1405) Model I
Magnetic Disk 20,000,000 500,000 (Avg)
(Type 1405) Model II
50,000 two hundred character records on 25 disks
(Model I).
100,000 two hundred character records on 50 disks (Model II).
One access arm standard; another available as special feature.
Magnetic Disk Storage Drive
(Type 1311) Model 4 - first drive on system.
(Type 1311) Model 2 - additional up to 4) drives on system.
"Comb" access consists of five arms, each with
two read-write heads. Removable disk packs provide
unlimited storage. Each disk pack composed of six
disks providing ten recording surfaces. Each surface is
made up of 100 concentric tracks; each track is divided
into 20 sectors; each sector holds 100 characters.
Disk pack capacity is 2,000,000 characters and with track
- record special feature approximately
3,000,000; total on-line capacity 10 to 15 million characters.
Average access 250,000 microseconds; with
direct seek special feature, average access time is 150,000 microseconds.
Magnetic Tape
(See chart below)
| BRL 1964, IBM 1401, starting page 0146
|
INPUT
Medium Speed
Cards (IBM 1402 Card Read Punch) 800 cards/min
Optional 51-column interchangeable Read Feed and Punch
Feed Read special features.
Magnetic Tape
Models 7330, 729II, IV, V, and 7340.
Paper Tape (IBM 1011 Paper Tape 500 chars/sec
Reader).
Control panels decode 5,6,7, or 8-track tape data
and convert it to BCD characters.
Optical Character Reader 300 - 420 doc min
(IBM 1418 & 1428)
Numeric or alphabetic data (according to machine type)
read from cards or documents. Characters,
including certain special characters, which may be read
are 0.093 in. high, printed by an IBM 407, an IBM
Elec. Typewriter, or an IBM 1403 Printer, Model 1 or 2.
Paper or card dimensions vary according to
equipment model; horizontal width 3 to 8-3/4 in. and
vertical dimension of 2-1/3 to 4-732 in. Mark
reading ability.
Console Inquiry Station (IBM 1407)
A modified IBM Elec. Typewriter can be used to obtain
or enter data on a limited basis; primarily used
with disk storage. IBM Console, Model 3, used to enter
or obtain (print) data, can also be attached to
terminal equipment, thereby providing buffered, remote
communication ability.
OUTPUT
Medium Speed
Cards (IBM 1402 Card Read Punch) 250 cards/min
Magnetic Tape
Models 7330, 729II, IV, V, and 7340.
Tape Punch (IBM 1012) 150 chars/sec
Punches into paper or Mylar tape 5, 6, 7, 8-track.
Printer (IBM 1403 Models 1 & 2) 600 lines/min
Numerical Print Feature, option on the 1403, allows
1,385 lines/min printing of purely numerical data.
IBM 1404 Printer, used in lieu of 1403, has all
continuous form printing functions of 1403, plus a
dual channel cut-card feeding mechanism.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Diodes 6,213 - 14,171 (Min. and max. systems)
Transistors 4,315 - 9,805 (Min. and max. systems)
Magnetic Cores
Type 17 17,540 Minimum system
Type 24 200
Type 17 129,540 Maximum system
Type 24 600
Type 18 1,120
CHECKING FEATURES
Parity and validity checks are made. Programming
checks, balances and controls may be made.
1402 Checking
Automatic hole count check between read stations.
Automatic Hollerith Validity check before storage entry.
Automatic hole count check between punch station
and punch check station.
1402 Translation
Automatic card to internal BCD input translation.
Automatic internal BCD to card output translation.
1403 Checking
Automatic parity check of character to be printed.
Automatic validity check of character tobe printed.
Hammer action to be performed.
Hammer action performed.
Magnetic Tape Checking
Vertical parity check by character.
Horizontal check by record.
Two-gap head verifies validity at the time data is written.
Dual-level sensing provides additional checking of
tape read and write operations and error-free
operation on valid data.
IBM Phase Encoding
Provides highly reliable method of bit encoding on
Hypertape so all single-bit and most double-bit errors
can be corrected.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 2.88 Kw 3.2 KVA min. = Model A
(Max.) 12.15 Kw 13.5 KVA 0.80 to 0.90 pf
max. = Model C + 6 - 729s
Power, air conditioner approx 3 Kw (Min.)
approx 11 Kw (max.)
The KVA and power factor varies.
Minimum system requires 1 Ton,
maximum system requires 3 1/2 Tons.
Minimum Maximum
Volume, computer 117.2 cu ft 403.8 cu ft
Area, computer 33.8 sq ft 80.8 sq ft
Room size 239.0 sq ft 463.0 sq ft
Floor loading 50.0 lbs/sq 500.0 lbs concen
ft max.
Volume, air conditioner
1 Ton Unit 6.0 cu ft
5 Ton Unit 84 cu ft
Area, computer - 1 ton 3 sq ft
Area, computer - 5 ton 12 sq ft
Capacity, air conditioner Depends on manufacturer.
3 1/2 tons are required for maximum size system, a
5 ton unit would be nearest size available.
Weight, computer 3,063 lbs (min) 11,530 lbs (max)
Normal air conditioning will usually be adequate,
providing the capacity is available to handle the
added B.T.U. of heat generated by the system.
Relatively few restrictions are placed on the
arrangement of the 1401 System units.
Electrical requirements - 208 or 230 volts
(+ 10%), 3-phase (4-wire), 60 cycle (+ 1/2 cycle).
Environmental requirements
Power On (system operating) temperature 60o - 90oF.
relative humidity 20 - 80%, air filtration - 20%
minimum by National Bureau of Standards discloration
test for mechanical-type filter.
Power Off (extended non-operational period)
temperature 50o - 110o F.,
relative humidity 0 - 80%.
These environmental requirements are less stringent
than those that apply to storage areas for IBM cards
and magnetic tape.
It is recommended that instruments capable of recording
temperature and humidity be provided.
The 1401 System does not require a raised floor.
Also, the use of a raised floor reduces the possibility of
damage to cables and improves the appearance of the
installation, as well as promoting good safety practices.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Several thousand in operation.
| BRL 1964, IBM 1401, starting page 0147
|
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Purchase Monthly
Price Rental
Basic System IBM 1401 $ 83,700 $1,200
Processing Unit, Model A-1
IBM 1402 Card Read Punch, 30,000 550
Model 1
IBM 1403, model 1 32,900 725
------- -----
Total 146,600 2,475
Additional Equipment*
IBM 7330 Magnetic Tape Unit 22,000 450
729 II Magnetic Tape Unit 36,000 700
729 IV Magnetic Tape unit 41,250 900
729 V Magnetic Tape Unit 37,200 750
7340(2) Magnetic Tape Unit 68,500 1,050
*Appropriate Model of 1401 processing unit must be
specified as well as 7641 Hypertape Control for 7340
tape units.
IBM 1406 Additional Core 24,500 575 to
Storage (3 models) to 67,100 1,575
Systems rental range $2,700 - $8,800. Maintenance
contracts available for purchased equipment.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Varies considerably according to installation and application.
Training made available by the manufacturer to
the users includes programming and practical
experience on systems.
Programming systems available are:
File (disk storage) Utilities and File Organization programs
Report program Generators Autocoder
Testing-debugging aids COBOL
Sorts FORTRAN
IOCS Card Utilities
Sub-routines Tape Utilities
Service routines FARGO
Symbolic Programming System
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE
Reliability is achieved by utilizing solid state
devices, i.e. core storage, printed circuits, and
transistorized circuits. Checking, as previously detailed,
also provides reliability.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features are: high-speed card input
output, low and high-speed magnetic tape
input/output, paper tape input/output, disk file
storage including removable disk packs, direct
communication abilities between systems and
terminal equipment, direct entry of data with banking
(IBM 1412-1419 MICR) equipment, completely variable
length core storage assignments, "add-to-storage"
simplifies programming, and singleinstruction print
editing. Column binary device.
Unique system advantages are: solid-state engineering,
economical, independent data processing system,
auxiliary system to 700/7000 series, and simplified programing.
Growth of the system is permissible in the basic
card system, the advanced card system, and the card
and magnetic system.
Optional features as required, are available.
| BRL 1964, IBM 1440, starting page 0148
|
IBM 1440
Data Processing System
MANUFACTURER
International Business Machines Corporation.
Photo by IBM
APPLICATIONS
General purpose computer for small and medium sized businesses.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits/word Variable
Decimal digits/instruction Variable (1 to 8)
Instructions/word Variable
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Variable
Up to two addresses with modifier and indexing.
Instruction word format
+-----+----------+----------+----+----+
| B | I I I | B B B | d | 0 |
+-----+----------+----------+----+----+
| Iop | I1 I2 I3 | I4 I5 I6 | I7 | I8 |
+-----+----------+----------+----+----+
or as OP AAA BBB d_
Automatic built-in subroutines
Add/Subtract Arithmetic
Move and Load Data Fields
Hi-Lo-Eq. Compare
Expanded Edit
Indexing
Bit Test
H Multiply Divide
Registers and B-Boxes
Op Register
B-Data Register
A-Data Register
3-position Address reg: A, B, I and Main
A-Aux, Register and B-Aux,Register (with M/D)
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Add T = 11.1 (LI + 1 + La + Lb) microseconds
Mult T = 11.1 (LI + 3 + 2 LC + 5 LCLM + 7 LM)
Div T = 11.1 (LI + 2 + 7 LRLQ + 8 LQ)
LI = Length of Instruction
LC = Length of Multiplicand Field
LM = Length of Multiplier Field
LR = Length of Divisor
LQ = Length of Quotient Field
L a =Length of A-Field
Lb = Length of B-Field
Arithmetic mode Serial
The arithmetic unit is parallel-by-bit and serialby-character.
The computer is of the add-to-storage variety.
Timing Synchronous and Asynchronous
Operation Sequential
The system functions on a parallel-by-bit,
serial-by-character principle.
I/0 operations are asynchronous when the device
does not have the associated buffer feature. All
internal operations are synchronous, being governed
by a crystal-controlled oscillator.
Unbuffered I/0 devices control the clock on a demand
basis when they are being serviced by the processor.
STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Medium Words Characters Microsec
Magnetic Cores Variable 4,000 - 16,000 11.5
Available in 4,000 increments
Disk Stor. Units Variable 250,000
2 IBM 1311's 4,000,000 (average)
5 IBM 1311's 10,000,000
With "Move Track Record" feature the number,
of digits is increased to 2,980,000 per unit.
With "Direct Seek" feature the average access
time is decreased to 185,000 microseconds.
| BRL 1964, IBM 1440, starting page 0149
|
Photo by IBM
The photos show the operator loading an IBM 1311
memory disk pack on the IBM 1440 computer. In the
picture sequence, the operator carries a disk pack
containing six 14-inch memory disks to the IBM 1440.
She places the disks on the disk storage drive
spindle, removes the pack cover, and the unit is ready to
operate. The time required is less than one minute.
Disk packs can be removed in the same manner and
stored like books on a library shelf until they
are needed again. This data storage technology makes it
possible for a user to maintain a separate disk
pack for each of his major data processing jobs. The disk
packs, which weigh less than 10 pounds, have a
storage capacity of nearly 3,000,000 alphanumeric
characters.
CHECKING FEATURES
Processor IBM 1441
OP - Register Validity 1
A - Register Parity
B - Register Parity
Storage Address validity
Address Modifier Parity
IBM 1442
Punch Echo-check
Head validity
Read registration
Feed check
IBM 1443
Sync check
Parity check
IBM 1447
Typer odd bit check
Buffer odd bit check (With buffer only
KYBO Contacts VRC
IBM 1311
Parity
Read back check
Address compare
Record length
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Requirements vary widely, depending on system
configuration.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
$90,000 and up, depending on system configuration.
$1,500 and up, monthly rental, depending on system
configuration.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE
The electronic elements for the system are tested,
under quality control procedures before shipment, and
the system is tested after installation. and
periodically thereafter to assure maximum reliability.
| BRL 1964, IBM 1460, starting page 0150
|
IBM 1460
Data Processing System
MANUFACTURER
International Business Machine Corporation
Photo by IBM
APPLICATIONS
General purpose computer that functions like the
widely-used IBM 1401, yet processes information
internally almost twice as fast. The IBM 1460
features an 1,100 1/m printer. The IBM 1460 gives
IBM 1401 users who require increased processing
capabilities a logical advance to a larger computer.
When used as auxiliary equipment for IBM 7000 series
computers, the IBM 1460 will accelerate processing operations
in many industries which require faster printed
and magnetic tape output.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits/word Variable length
Decimal digits/instruction one to eight
Instructions/word Variable length
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type One or two address
Instruction word format
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+
| OP | A/I Address | B Address | d Modifier |
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+
| X | XXX | XXX | X |
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+
+----+-------------+-----------+
| OP | (A/I) | B |
+----+-------------+-----------+
| X | XXX | XXX |
+----+-------------+-----------+
+----+-------------+-----+
| OP | (A/I) | d |
+----+-------------+-----+
| X | XXX | X |
+----+-------------+-----+
+----+-------------+
| OP | (A/I) |
+----+-------------+
| X | XXX |
+----+-------------+
+----+----+
| OP | d |
+----+----+
| X | X |
+----+----+
+----+
| OP |
+----+
| X |
+----+
OP 1 character operation
A/I 3 character storage address where A is location
of a data word or I is address of next instruction
B 3 character storage address of a data word
d 1 character modifier
Automatic coding includes a symbolic programming system.
| BRL 1964, IBM 1460, starting page 0150
|
Registers
I Address Register
A Address Register
B Address Register
A Register
B Register
A Index Register
B Index Register
AB Index Register
A and B Address Registers allow chaining of instructions,
i.e., performing a series of operations on several
fields that are in sequence in storage. Less time is
required to perform the operations and space is saved
in storing instructions.
Indexing is part of optional advanced programming
feature which also includes abilities to move full
records and to store A and B Address Registers for
easy program modification.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access
Microsec
Add 300 (8 + 8 digits)
Mult 1,960 (6 x 4 digits)
Div 3,002 (10/4 digits)
Multiply-Divide times are for the Multiply-Divide feature installed.
1401 is an "Add-to-Storage" system. No additional
instructions or time is required to store results.
Arithmetic mode Serial (by character)
Timing Synchronous Asynchronous
(Depending on function)
Operation Sequential Concurrent
(Depending on function)
Timing - Operations
Card input/output can often be overlapped with processing.
Print output can be partially overlapped with processing;
or can be completely overlapped with print storage installed.
Magnetic tape input/output can be partially overlapped.
Internal processing is serial.
STORAGE
No. of Access
Medium Alphanum/Char Microsec
Magnetic Core 8,000; 12,000; 16,000 6
Magnetic Disk 10,000,000 500,000 (Avg)
(Type 1405) Model I
Magnetic Disk 20,000,000 500,000 (Avg)
(Type 1405) Model II
50,000 two hundred character records on 25 disks
(Model I).
100,000 two hundred character records on 50 disks (Model II).
One access arm standard; another available as special feature.
Magnetic Disk Storage Drive
(Type 1311) Model 4 - first drive on system.
(Type 1311) Model 2 - additional up to 4) drives on system.
"Comb" access consists of five arms, each with
two read-write heads. Removable disk packs provide
unlimited storage. Each disk pack composed of six
disks providing ten recording surfaces. Each surface is
made up of 100 concentric tracks; each track is divided
into 20 sectors; each sector holds 100 characters.
Disk pack capacity is 2,000,000 characters and with track
- record special feature approximately
3,000,000; total on-line capacity 10 to 15 million characters.
Average access 250,000 microseconds; with
direct seek special feature, average access time is 150,000 microseconds.
Magnetic Tape
(See chart below)
| BRL 1964, IBM 1460, starting page 0152
|
INPUT
Medium Speed
Cards (IBM 1402 Card Read Punch) 800 cards/min
Optional 51-column interchangeable Read Feed and Punch
Feed Read special features.
Magnetic Tape
Models 7330, 729II, IV, V, and 7340.
Paper Tape (IBM 1011 Paper Tape 500 chars/sec
Reader).
Control panels decode 5,6,7, or 8-track tape data
and convert it to BCD characters.
Optical Character Reader 300 - 420 doc min
(IBM 1418 & 1428)
Numeric or alphabetic data (according to machine type)
read from cards or documents. Characters,
including certain special characters, which may be read
are 0.093 in. high, printed by an IBM 407, an IBM
Elec. Typewriter, or an IBM 1403 Printer, Model 1 or 2.
Paper or card dimensions vary according to
equipment model; horizontal width 3 to 8-3/4 in. and
vertical dimension of 2-1/3 to 4-732 in. Mark
reading ability.
Console Inquiry Station (IBM 1407)
A modified IBM Elec. Typewriter can be used to obtain
or enter data on a limited basis; primarily used
with disk storage. IBM Console, Model 3, used to enter
or obtain (print) data, can also be attached to
terminal equipment, thereby providing buffered, remote
communication ability.
OUTPUT
Medium Speed
Cards (IBM 1402 Card Read Punch) 250 cards/min
Magnetic Tape
Models 7330, 729II, IV, V, and 7340.
Tape Punch (IBM 1012) 150 chars/sec
Punches into paper or Mylar tape 5, 6, 7, 8-track.
Printer (IBM 1403 Models 1 & 2) 600 lines/min
Numerical Print Feature, option on the 1403, allows
1,385 lines/min printing of purely numerical data.
IBM 1404 Printer, used in lieu of 1403, has all
continuous form printing functions of 1403, plus a
dual channel cut-card feeding mechanism.
CHECKING FEATURES
Parity and validity checks are made. Programming
checks, balances and controls may be made.
1402 Checking
Automatic hole count check between read stations.
Automatic Hollerith Validity check before storage entry.
Automatic hole count check between punch station
and punch check station.
1402 Translation
Automatic card to internal BCD input translation.
Automatic internal BCD to card output translation.
1403 Checking
Automatic parity check of character to be printed.
Automatic validity check of character tobe printed.
Hammer action to be performed.
Hammer action performed.
Magnetic Tape Checking
Vertical parity check by character.
Horizontal check by record.
Two-gap head verifies validity at the time data is written.
Dual-level sensing provides additional checking of
tape read and write operations and error-free
operation on valid data.
IBM Phase Encoding
Provides highly reliable method of bit encoding on
Hypertape so all single-bit and most double-bit errors
can be corrected.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Requuirements vary widely, depending on the system
configuration. Similar to IBM 1401
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
$479,000 and up depending on system configuration.
$9,800 and up depending on system configuration.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Varies considerably according to installation and application.
Training made available by the manufacturer to
the users includes programming and practical
experience on systems.
Programming systems available are:
File (disk storage) Utilities and File Organization programs
Report program Generators Autocoder
Testing-debugging aids COBOL
Sorts FORTRAN
IOCS Card Utilities
Sub-routines Tape Utilities
Service routines FARGO
Symbolic Programming System
| BRL 1964, IBM 1460, starting page 0153
|
| BRL 1964, IBM 1620 MOD 2, starting page 0154
|
IBM 1620 MOD 2
Data Processing System
MANUFACTURER
International Business Machines Corporation
Photo by IBM
APPLICATIONS
System is used for the solution of problems in
petroleum, public utilities, optics, general manufacturing,
general engineering, civil engineering and electronics.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits/word Variable length
Decimal digits/instruction 12
Instructions word Variable field
(1 instruction per 12 digits)
Instructions decoded 50
(43 standard, 7 optional)
Arithmetic system Fixed & floating point
Floating point is a special feature.
Instruction type Two address
Number range Variable field
Instruction word format
+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 1 2 | 3 7 | 8 12 |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Operation | P Address | Q Address |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+
Automatic built-in subroutines
Variable length floating point arithmetic
operations are available as special features.
Automatic coding
Symbolic Programming System, FORTRAN & GOTRAN
Registers and B-Boxes
Indirect addressing plus immediate instructions
are standard instead of indexing.
Branch and Transmit instruction provides single
instruction linkage to subroutines.
| BRL 1964, IBM 1620 MOD 2, starting page 0155
|
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access
Microsec
Add 215 (10 digit average)
Mult 4,260 (10 digit average)
Div 11,490 (10 digit average)
Arithmetic mode Serial
The IBM 1620 Model 2 is a two-address system and
the operation times given above include access time
to the two operands and the storing of the result.
Divide time includes loan dividend. Multiply uses
table look-up in core storage.
Timing Synchronous
Some devices are asynchronous
Operation
Sequential (Instruction execution)
Concurrent (I/0 read/write)
INPUT
Medium Speed Remarks
Paper Tape 150 chars/sec (8 channel)
Typewriter Manual (Alphanumeric)
Cards 250 cards/min (Buffered)
OUTPUT
Medium
Paper Tape 15 chars/sec (8 channel)
Typewriter 15.5 chars/sec (Alphanumeric)
Cards 125 cards/min (Buffered)
Line Printer 150 or 240 (Buffered)
lines/min
STORAGE
No. of Access
Medium Format Characters Microsec
Core Variable field 20,000 - 60,000 10
Disk 20,000 100 dig. 2,000,000 to 250 (aver)
records 8,000,000 400 (max)
Disk packs are removable and interchangeable giving
unlimited storage ability.
CHECKING FEATURES
Checking features include parity check on input,
output and internal manipulation of data.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
$74,500 and up depending on system configuration.
$1,600 and up, depending on system configuration.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Training made available by the manufacturer to the
user includes instruction on programming systems.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE
The electronic elements for system are tested, the
completed system is tested under quality control
procedures before shipment, and the system is tested
after installation and periodically thereafter to
assure maximum reliability.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include variable length data
field, immediate operations, indirect addressing,
alphanumeric or numeric data handling. The system
is compatible with the IBM 1620 Model 1, giving up
to four times improvement of internal computer speed.
Improvement varies with program depending
on the instruction mix.
| BRL 1964, IBM 1710, starting page 0156
|
IBM 1710
IBM 1710 Control Control System
MANUFACTURER
International Business Machines Corporation.
Photo by IBM
APPLICATIONS
On line, real-time system used in control of
processes such as petroleum (crude distillation., catalytic
cracker, etc.) chemical processes (ammonia, plastics,
cement, paper, steel, used in testing and
manufacturing control applications in electronic
components, vehicle testing, discrete manufacturing of
equipment e.g. automotive parts, and used ire research
applications in government, hospitals, and
universities.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits/word Variable word length
Decimal digits/instruction. 12
Instructions/word 1
Instructions decoded 50
(IBM 1620 - type of IBM 1710
Arithmetic system Fixed point,
Floating point is a special feature.
Instruction type Two-address
Number range 10 +- 99 floating point characteristic
Instruction word format
+-------------+---------+--------------+
| 1 2 | 3 4 | 5 12 |
+-------------+---------+--------------+
| 0 Operation | Data | Data Address |
| | Address | or not used |
+-------------+---------+--------------+
The eighth digit is used a.: operation, modifier in
some cases where the 8th through 12th digits are not
used as the Data Address.
Automatic built-in subroutines include variable
length floating point arithmetic.
Automatic coding
FORTRAN, Executive Program, SPS
| BRL 1964, IBM 1710, starting page 0157
|
Register ten: and B-Boxes
Index Registers are included when an IBM 1620-type
of IBM 1710 System is used.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access
Microsec
Add 215 (10 digit average)
Mult 4,260 (10 digit average)
Div 11,170 (10 digit average)
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Asynchronous
Operation Sequential, with interrupt
The IBM 1620-type of IBM 1710 is a two-address
system for the location of two operands and the location.
of the results.
STORAGE
Medium No. of Characters Access Microsec
Core 20,000 - 80,000 20
Disk Storage 2,000,000 250,000 (avg)
400,000 (max)
Disk packs are removable and interchangeable, giving unlimited storage.
INPUT
Medium Speed Remarks
Cards 250 cards/min Buffered
Paper Tape 150 chars/min 8 channel
Manual Entry Manual
Both decimal and sense switches which are process
operator oriented.
Typewriter Manual Alphanumeric
Process inputs accepted are analog, digital,
contact sense, pulse, pulse duration, and interrupts.
OUTPUT
Medium Speed
Cards 125 cards/min Buffered
Paper Tape 15 chars/sec 8 channel
Printer 150 - 250 lines/min Buffered
Typewriter 15 chars/sec Alphanumeric
Digital Display Process-operator
oriented
Process outputs are analog set-point positioning,
and contact-operate type.
CHECKING FEATURES
Paritv check on input and internal transfers.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
$150,000 and up, depending ors system configuration.
$ 3,500 and up, depending or system configuration.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Training made available by the manufacturer to the
user includes instruction on programming systems.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE
The electronic elements for the system are tested,
the completed system is tested under quality control
procedures before shipment, and the system is tested
after installation and periodically thereafter to
assure maximum reliability.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
System is modular in construction and capable of
expansion from small data acquisition- system to large
closed loop system.
| BRL 1964, IBM 6400, starting page 0158
|
IBM 6400
Accounting Machine
MANUFACTURER
Electric typewriter Division, IBM
Photo by IBM
APPLICATIONS
The IBM 6400 is an operator oriented, general purpose
accounting/computing machine. It is designed to
handle a wide variety of accounting applications,
ranging from complete accounting systems in small
and medium size businesses to specialized magnetic
ledger card applications in large business
organizations, e.g. mortgage loan accounting,
installment loan accounting, hospital patient billing and
brokerage confirmation preparation.
Many applications can be tied together into one
accounting system, such as billing with automatic
updating and control of Accounts Receivable and
Inventory records, plus sales analysis distribution.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 36
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Two address
Automatic built-in subroutines
Subroutines may be programmed and automatically
activated, e.g.:
Automatic new magnetic ledger card generation
Alternate pricing routines
Continuous form overflow preparation
Automatic coding
Encoding from decimal to binary and from binary
to decimal.
| BRL 1964, IBM 6400, starting page 0158
|
Registers and B-Boxes
Maximum of eight 36-bit-core registers.
Control panel program
Control panel wiring normally addresses two words
of memory to use plus the function and the next
address.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Microsec
Add 4,320
mult 296,000
Div 296,000
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum-Tubes 0
Transistors 1,048 (Aver. mach. configuration)
Diodes 488 (Aver. mach. configuration)
Magnetic Cores 2,952 (Maximum)
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Synchronous
Operation Sequential
STORAGE
No. of No. of
Medium Words Bits/Word
Magnetic Core (Main) 40 36
Magnetic Core (Ledger)
There are 48 characters of special alphabetic storage
for storing constant alphabetic information for type
out. The 48 characters may be divided into four words
of variable field length. Functions such as space,
tab and carrier return may be stored also. The magnetic
ledger stripe itself can consist of as many as 252
alpha numeric characters. The ratio of numeric digits
to alpha characters is 10 to 6. For every 10-digit
numeric word used, only 6 alpha characters are used.
The maximum numeric word usage is fifteen 10-digit
words. Therefore, the memory may consist of all alpha
storage consisting of nine variable length
words or up to fifteen 10-digit numeric words and
still retain 102 alphabetic characters.
192 total alpha
- 90 (15 x 6) to provide 150 numeric digits
------------------------------------------
102 Alpha characters 150 numeric digits
Total 252 alpha numeric digits
INPUT
Medium Speed
Numeric Keyboard 12 chars/sec (max)
Typewriter Keyboard 15 chars/sec (ma x)
Magnetic Ledger Card 252 chars in approx 0.5 sec
IBM Punched Cards 17 columns/sec (max)
Entire stripe read to core memory by sweep of a
magnetic read head in approximately 0.5 sec.
OUTPUT
Medium Speed
Primary Printer 15 chars/sec
(220 positions)
Magnetic Ledger Printer 15 chars/sec
(130 positions)
Magnetic Ledger Card 252 chars in approx 0.5 sec
IBM Punched Cards Approx 15 columns/sec
Punching from automatic printer output at 15 columns/second.
Punching from memory output at approximately 16 columns/second.
CHECKING FEATURES
Read magnetic stripe by parity check and
character count.
Record magnetic stripe same as read plus a
bit-by-bit direct compare with core memory.
Other programmable features permit additional
checking, e.g. zero balance test, negative balance test,
branching selectors, and format control checking.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer (max.) 1.0 Kw 1.4 KVA 0.7 pf
Computer Volume Area Room Size
Model Occupied Occupied Required
6410 30.2 cu ft 77 sq ft 102"x83" min. 63
6420 45.4 cu ft 86 sq ft 102"x118" min. 58
6410 & 6426 43.3 cu ft 89 sq ft 152"x108" min-55
6420 & 6426 58.4 cu ft 98 sq ft 152"x118" min-54
Weight, computer
model 6410 750 lbs
6420 + 250 lbs
6426 + 250 lbs = 1,250 lbs max.
Electrical.requirement: Wattage:
115 volts (+ 10%) Model Watts
Single Phase 3 - wire 6410 550
60 Cycle AC (+ 1/2 cycle) 6420-6425 630
15 Service amperes 6410-6426 820
6420-6425-6426 900
Provide normal working environment. Optimum
temperature 50 F to 85 F. Optimum humidity 30 - 65%.
Provide similar storage area for ledger cards.
Provide adequate floor strength for weights noted above.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Monthly Purchase Annual
Model Description Rental Price Maint.
6410 Accounting Machine $495 $23,600 $825
6420 Magnetic Ledger
Accounting Mach. 520 24,300 855
6425 Magnetic Ledger
Unit 175 8,300 480
6424 Card Punch 90 4,075 340
6426 Printing Card Punch 115 5,175 380
The 6420 and 6425 operate together.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Training made available by the manufacturer to the
user includes instruction on programming systems.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE
The electronic elements for the system are tested,
the completed system is tested under quality control
procedures before shipment, and the system is tested
after installation and periodically thereafter to
assure maximum reliability.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Alphabetic and numeric storage on Magnetic Ledger Card.
Special Alphabetic Storage Format Control of Printing
and Routines Unique Automatic Paper Handling
Full arithmetic ability (add, subtract, multiply,
and divide) at computer speeds.
Combines several applications in one system operation.
Eliminates separate addressing operations
because of alpha storage. Unlimited distribution
through card output. Automatic by-product
management reports.
| BRL 1964, IBM 7010, starting page 0160
|
IBM 7010
IBM 7010 Data Processing System
MANUFACTURER
International Business Machines Corporation
Photo by IBM Corp., Data Processing Division
APPLICATIONS
General purpose computing with provisions for
on line, real time applications.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits/word Variable
Decimal digits/instruction Variable 1 to 12
Instructions word 1
Instructions decoded 32 instructions
64 instruction modifiers
Arithmetic system Fixed & floating point
Instruction type Variable
Number range Floating point -
17 digit mantissa
2 digit exponent
Automatic built-in subroutines includes auto printout
and floating point arithmetic.
Automatic coding includes FORTRAN, COBOL, and AUTOCODER.
Registers and B-Boxes include 15 Index Registers,
1 Instruction Address Register, and 8 Address Registers.
Broad package of programs available. The IBM 1401 set
of instructions are used.
The instruction word format is variable, e.g.
only the operation code may be given. The op Code and
one address, the OP Code and two addresses,
or the op Code, two addresses and a modifier
+------+-----------+-----------+----------+
| 1 | 2 6 | 7 11 | 12 |
+------+-----------+-----------+----------+
| OP | Address A | Address B | Modifier |
| Code | | | |
+------+-----------+-----------+----------+
Instruction word format
| BRL 1964, IBM 7010, starting page 0161
|
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Microsec.
Add 22
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Transistors
Arithmetic mode Serial
Parallel access, serial process
The operation times vary by the field length and instruction lengths,
e.g. the add time in microseconds is given by:
1.2 (Length of Instruction + Length of A Address +3).
+ 1.6 (Length of B Address + 1) + 1.6 (Length of B Address + 1).
(The third term is included only on recomplement, if required).
Typically, addition might require 22 microseconds.
Timing Synchronous
Operation Sequential
Concurrent on Input/Output.
STORAGE
No. of Access
Medium Characters Microsec
Magnetic Cores 100,000 2.4
Transistor Latch 1 result char 1.2 (1st char)
2 A chars & 0.050 (2d char)
2 B chars
Magnetic Disk File 56,000,000 50,000 to 180,000
alphanumeric
char/file
Magnetic tape
No. of units that can be connected 40 Units
No. of chars/linear inch 800 Chars/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
Tape speed 112.5 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 90,000 Chars/sec
Start time 5 Millisec
Stop 3.8 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 45 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.5 Inches
Length of reel 2,400 Feet
Composition Mylar
Magnetic tape information given applies to IBM 729 VI tape units.
IBM 729 II, IV, V and 7330 tape units may also be used.
INPUT
Medium Speed Remarks
Magnetic Tape 90,000 chars/sec (IBM 729 & 7330)
Paper Tape 500 chars/sec (IBM 1011)
Teletype (Feature)
Card Read-Punch 800 cards/min (IBM 1402-2)
Typewriter
IBM 1440 System
IBM 7750 PTC
Magnetic Disk File
OUTPUT
Medium Speed Remarks
Magnetic Tape 90,000 chars/sec (IBM 729 & 7330)
Teletype (Feature)
Card Read-Punch 250 cards/min (IBM 1402-2)
Printer 1,100 lines/min (IBM 1403-3)
Magnetic Disk File 90,000 chars/sec
CHECKING FEATURES
Fixed checking features include B data parity,
A data parity, assembly parity, result reg parity, address
entry 2 out of 5 parity, address modify parity,
load-regenerate memory check, instruction length check,
validity of instruction check, restore status check,
cycle look-ahead check, clocking check, character
selection check, memory address-regenerate check,
2-character I/0 data check, and fail safe data paths
are used.
Optional checks include a memory-protect check and
a program error check. The checks are possible of
auto branches to a specified area if the memory
protect-program relocate feature is utilized.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration.
COST. PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
The price of the basic system is $1,307,550 and up,
depending on system configuration.
The monthly rental is $27,570 and up
depending on system configuration.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Training made available by the manufacturer to the user
includes instruction on programming systems.
RELIABILITY. OPERATING EXPERIENCE
The electronic elements for the system are tested,
and the completed system is tested under quality
control procedures before shipment; and the system
is tested after installation and periodically thereafter
to assure maximum reliability.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
The system will operate IBM 1410 and IBM 1401 programs
without alteration. Modularity provides means to
cover a wide range of applications and work load. System
advantages include automatic card-tape load function,
a fail safe design, 4 input/output data channels,
each capable of overlap and/or unoverlap.
A wide range of input/output equipment optional
and special features, compatibility with the IBM 1401
and 1410 Systems, and overlapped instruction execution.
| BRL 1964, IBM 7040, starting page 0162
|
IBM 7040
MANUFACTURER
International Business Machines Corporation
Photo by IBM Corp., Data Processing Division
APPLICATIONS
General purpose data processing. Scientific computing
Real time and multi computer capabilities available.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 36
Binary digits/instruction 36
Instructions/word 1
Instructions decoded 120
Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point
Floating point - single and double precision available.
Fixed point - standard
Instruction type One address
Number range (fixed point) 11 dec digits/word
(floating point) 10 ± 38 (approx.)
Instruction word format
+-----------+-------+-------+---------+
| S,1 11 | 12 17 | 18 20 | 21 35 |
+-----------+-------+-------+---------+
| Operation | Count | Tag | Address |
+-----------+-------+-------+---------+
S = Sign bit position
Automatic coding
COBOL
MACRO Assembly
FORTRAN
Registers and B-Boxes
3 Index Registers
Instruction Register
Accumulator
MQ Register
Storage Register
Address Register
| BRL 1964, IBM 7040, starting page 0162
|
Optional features include an internal timer,
a memory protect, and extended performance features.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 16 0.888
Mult 40
Div 54
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum-Tubes 0
Transistors 6,069
Condenser-Diodes 16,034
Magnetic-Cores 1,212,416(in a 32,768-word
storage unit)
Solid state components are used throughout.
Arithmetic mode Parallel
Timing Synchronous & Asynchronous Operation Sequential - Concurrent I/0
STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Medium Words Characters Microsec
Magnetic Core 32,768 4.0
Magnetic Disk File 28,000,000/ 17,000 to
module 200,000
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 50 Units
No. of chars/linear inch 800 Chars/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
Tape speed 37.5 - 112.5 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 7,500 - 90,000 Chars/sec
Start time 4.5 - 20 Millisec
Stop time 4.0 - 8 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.5 Inches
Length of reel 2,400 Feet
Composition Oxide coated mylar
Specifications cover the IBM 7330, 72911, IV, V, VI Tape Units.
INPUT
Medium Speed Remarks
Cards 800 cards/min (Col. Binary or Hollerith)
Paper Tape 500 chars/sec (5 to 8 channel, only 6 infor.)
Magnetic Tape
Communication Lines (All commercially avail.)
OUTPUT
Medium Speed Remarks
Cards 250 cards/min (Hollerith or col. binary)
Magnetic Tape
Communication Lines (All commercially avail.)
Typewriter 15 chars/sec
Line Printer 600 lines/min (Carriage controlled)
CHECKING FEATURES
Fixed checking features include word parity for
memory and input/output transfers. All input/output data
has character parity with hole counts on cards.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
$1,882,700 depending on system configuration.
$29,350 monthly rental, depending on system configuration.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Training made available by the manufacturer to the user
includes instruction on programming systems.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE
Electronic elements for the system are tested,
the completed system is tested under quality control
procedures before shipment and the system is tested
after installation and periodically thereafter to
assure maximum reliability.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include modularity to cover a
wide range of applications and work load with
complete compatibility.
Growth upward to the IBM 7044 System.
Wide range of memory sizes, instruction sets
and I/0 equipment available.
Instruction set and I/0 equipment identical with 7044.
Member of the IBM 704-709-7090-7094 family.
| BRL 1964, IBM 7044, starting page 0164
|
I B M 7044
MANUFACTURER
International Business Machines Corporation
Photo by IBM Corp., Data Processing Division
APPLICATIONS
General purpose data processing. Scientific computing
Real time and multi-computer capabilities available.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 36
Binary digits/instruction 36
Instructions/word 1
Instructions decoded 120
Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point
Floating point is available in single and double precision.
Fixed point is standard equipment.
Instruction type One address
Number range
Fixed point: 11 decimal digits/word
Floating point: approx 10 ± 38
Instruction word format
+-----------+-------+-------+---------+
| S,1 11 | 12 17 | 18 20 | 21 35 |
+-----------+-------+-------+---------+
| Operation | Count | Tag | Address |
+-----------+-------+-------+---------+
S = Sign bit position
Automatic coding
COBOL
MACRO Assembly
FORTRAN
Registers and B-Boxes
3 Index Registers
Instruction Register
Accumulator
MQ Register
Storage Register
Address Register
Optional features include an interval timer,
a memory protect device and extended performance characteristics.
| BRL 1964, IBM 7044, starting page 0165
|
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 5 0.833
Mult 30
Div 50
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum-Tubes 0
Transistors 6,042
` Condenser-Diodes 17,206
Magnetic-Cores 1,212,416 in a 32,000 word
storage unit
Solid state components are used throughout.
Arithmetic mode Parallel
Timing Synchronous - Asynchronous
(Combination for maximum performance.)
Operation Sequential - Concurrent I/0
STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Medium Words Characters Microsec
Magnetic Core 32,768 1.25
Magnetic Disk File 28,000,000/ 17,000 to
modules 200,000
Up to 10 modules of disk files are possible.
Magnetic tape
No. of units that can be connected 50 Units
No. of chars/linear inch 800 Chars/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
Tape speed 37.5 - 112.5 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 7,500 - 90,000 Chars/sec
Start time 4.5 - 20 Millisec
Stop time 4.0 - 10 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.5 Inches
Length of reel 2,400 Feet
Composition Oxide coated mylar
Specifications cover IBM 7330's, 729 II, IV, V,
VI Tape Units.
INPUT
Medium Speed Remarks
Cards 800 cards/min (Hollerith or
column bin.)
Paper Tape 500 chars/sec (5, 6, 7, 8
channel tape
6 inform)
Magnetic Tape
Communication Lines (All commercially available)
OUTPUT
Medium Speed Remarks
Cards 250 cards/min (Hollerith or
column bin.)
Magnetic Tape
Communication Lines (All commercially available.)
Typewriter 15 chars/sec
Line Printer 600 lines/min
CHECKING FEATURES
There is word parity in internal storage. All I/0
devices are checked with a parity bit in each character.
Dual gap tape heads, hole count checks on cards,
and a cycle burst check on the disk file are included.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
$1,400,000, depending on system configuration.
$21,850, depending on system configuration
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Training made available by the manufacturer to the
user includes instruction on programming systems.
RELIABILITY. OPERATING EXPERIENCE
The electronic elements for system are tested, the
completed system is tested under quality control
procedures before shipment and the system is tested
after installation and periodically thereafter to
assure maximum reliability.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include modularity to cover
a wide range of applications and work loads with
complete compatibility and an easy upward growth
from an IBM 7040 system with expandability to an
IBM 7090 or IBM 7094 System.
Wide range of modular instruction sets, memory
sizes and input/output equipment available.
Instruction set and I/0 equipment identical with IBM 7040.
A member of the IBM 704-709-7090-7094 family.
| BRL 1964, IBM 7072, starting page 0166
|
IBM 7072
IBM 7072 Data Processing System
MANUFACTURER
International Business Machines Corporation
Photo by IBM
APPLICATIONS
General purpose but primarily scientifically oriented.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Decimal
Decimal digits/word 10
Decimal digits/instruction 10
Instructions/word 1
Instructions decoded 160 (with augmentation)
Arithmetic system Floating & fixed point
Instruction type One address (modified)
Number range
Fixed point: Up to 10 decimal digits
Floating point: Exponent range of 100
Instruction word format
+------+-------+----------+---------------+---------------+
| + | 1 | 2 3 | 4 5 | 6 9 |
+------+-------+----------+---------------+---------------+
| Sign | OP | Index | FLD Def. | Address |
| | Code | Register | Index Address | Register |
| | | | Augmentation |Branch Address |
+------+-------+----------+---------------+---------------+
Automatic built-in subroutines.
A housekeeping automatic built-in subroutine upon
entering interrupt, includes the store of instructions
counter and condition latches.
Registers and B-Boxes
3 Accumulators
1 Arithmetic Control Register
1 Auxiliary Control Register
Up to 99 words of core storage can be used for indexing registers.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 12
Mutt 40.2 (6x3) & (6/3) 28.2
digits
Div 64.4 (6x3) & (6/3) 52.4
digits
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Transistors
Arithmetic mode Parallel
Timing Asynchronous
Operation Concurrent
STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Medium Words Digits Microsec
Magnetic Core 5,000 to 50,000 to 6
30,000 300,000
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 20 Units
No. of chars/linear inch 556 Chars/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
Tape speed 36 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 20,000 Chars/sec
Start time (write) 7.2 Millisec
Stop time (write) 4.4 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds
| BRL 1964, IBM 7072, starting page 0167
|
Photo by IBM
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.5 Inches
Length of reel 2,400 Feet
Composition Mylar backed
INPUT
Medium Speed
Serial Card Reader 60 cards/min
Magnetic Tape 7,000 chars/sec
Magnetic Tape 20,000 chars/sec
OUTPUT
Medium Speed
Typewriter 10 chars/sec
Magnetic Tape 7,000 chars/sec
Magnetic Tape 20,000 chars/sec
CHECKING FEATURES
The central processor has a fixed count two-out-of-five code,
an input/output parity check and control checking features.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
$647,17u and up, depending on system configuration.
$14,450 and up, depending on system configuration.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Training made available by the manufacturer to the
user includes instruction on programming systems.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE
Electronic elements for the system are tested,
the completed system is tested under quality control
procedures before shipment and the system is tested
after installation and periodically thereafter to
assure maximum reliability.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
There is complete program compatibility with the IBM 7070
and the IBM T074 Data Processing Systems. The
computing speeds are 8-15 times faster than the IBM 7070 systems.
| BRL 1964, IBM 7094 II, starting page 0168
|
IBM 7094 II
MANUFACTURER
International Business Machines Corporation
Photo by IBM
APPLICATIONS
General purpose data processing Scientific computing
Real time data processing Multi-computer
network capabilities Tele-processing capabilities
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 36
Binary digits/instruction 36
Instructions/word 1
Instructions decoded 264
Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point
Single and double precision standard floating point
and standard fixed point.
Instruction type One address
Number range
Fixed point 11 decimal digits/word
Floating point 8 or 16 decimal digits in 10±38
Several formats are used:
A typical format is:
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| S, 1 11 | 12 13 | 14 17 | 18 20 | 21 35 |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| Operation | I/A | Count | Tag | Address |
+-----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
| BRL 1964, IBM 7094 II, starting page 0169
|
Automatic coding.
FORTRAN
COBOL
COMTRAN
9 PAC
Registers and B-Boxes
7 Index Registers Instruction Counter
Accumulator Instruction Register
MQ Register Sense Indicator Register
Storage Register Instruction Backup Register
Address Register
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
Microsec Microsec
Floating Fixed Floating Fixed
Point Point Point Point
Add 2 - 6 1.4 - 4.2 0.333 0.175
Mult 8 - 12 4.2 - 7.0
Div 14 - 18 8.4 - 11.2
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
All solid state components
Arithmetic mode Parallel
Timing Synchronous and Asynchronous
Operation Sequential and Concurrent I/0
STORAGE
No. of No. of Digits Access
Medium Words Alphanumeric Microsec
Magnetic Core 32,768 1.05
Magnetic Disk File 56,000,000 50,000 to
chars/file 180,000
Drum Storage 1,118,400 8,600
chars/drum (average)
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 80 Units
No. of chars/linear inch 1,511 Chars/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 10 Track/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.45 Inches
Tape speed 112.5 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 170,000 Chars/sec
Start time 3 Millisec
Stop time 3 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 30 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 1 Inch
Length of reel 1,800 Feet
Composition Oxide coated mylar
Magnetic Tape information given applies to IBM 7340
Hypertape units. IBM 729 II, IV, V, VI tape units may
also be used on IBM 7094 system.
INPUT
Medium Speed Remarks
Cards (IBM 711) 250 cards/min
Magnetic Tape (,IBM 729 & 7340)
OUTPUT
Medium Speed
Cards (IBM 721) 100 cards/min
Magnetic Tape
(IBM 729 & 7340)
Printer (IBM 716) 120 chars/line
150 lines/min
CHECKING FEATURES
Fixed checking features include cnaracter and record parity on tape.
POWER, SPACE. WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Basic System: $3,018,000 and up depending on system configuration.
Monthly rental: $69,550 and up depending on system configuration.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Training made available by the manufacturer to the user
includes instruction on programming systems as
required by the user.
RELIABILITY. OPERATING EXPERIENCE
Electronic elements for system are tested; completed
system is tested under quality control procedures
before shipment; system is tested after installation
and periodically thereafter to assure maximum reliability.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include modularity which provides
means to cover a wide range of applications and work load.
System advantages include upward compatibility from IBM 704,
709, 7040, 7044 and 7090 and 7094 systems.
Wide range of I/0 equipment, optional and special features available.
Overlapped instruction execution.
Broad packaged programmin support available.
Strong user organization SHARE).
| BRL 1964, ILLIAC II, starting page 0170
|
ILLIAC II
MANUFACTURER
University of Illinois
Photo by the University of Illinois
APPLICATIONS
Scientific, general purpose computing.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 52
Binary digits/instruction 13 or 26
Instructions/word 2, 2-1/2, 3, 3-1/2 or 4
Instructions decoded 76
Arithmetic system Floating point
Instruction type 1 or 2 address
Number range 1 x 4±64
+------+-------+----------+----------------+----------+
| Bits | 7 | 4 | 2 | 13 |
+------+-------+----------+----------------+----------+
| | Order | Modifier | Address | Address, |
| | | | Interpretation | if used |
+------+-------+----------+----------------+----------+
| BRL 1964, ILLIAC II, starting page 0171
|
Automatic coding.
ALGOL
Assembler called NICAP
Registers and B-Boxes
16 Modifiers (B boxes)
13 Accessible Temporary Storage and Arithmetic Registers
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 2.5 2.5 (normally overlapped)
Mult 6.6 6.6 (normally overlapped)
Div 18 18 (normally overlapped)
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Transistors 25,000 (GF 45011)
Diodes 60,000 (S577G)
Arithmetic mode Parallel
The Illiac II works problems four to six times faster than IBM 7090.
Timing Asynchronous Operation Concurrent
STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Medium Words Bits/Words Microsec
Core 4,096 53 0.6 (Access time)
1.6 (Cycle time)
Core 4,096 53 1.8 (Cycle time)
Drum 65,536 53 7.5 (Word time
Disc 10,000,000 53 20 (Word time
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 40 Units
No. of chars/linear inch 800 Chars/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
Tape speed 112.5 Inches/sec
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.5 Inches
Length of reel 2,400 Feet
Composition Mylar
INPUT
Medium Speed
Paper Tape 1,000 chars/sec (8 level)
IBM 1401 Computer 800 cards/min
OUTPUT
Medium Speed
Paper Tape 110 chars/sec (8 level)
IBM 1401 Computer 600 lines min
250 cards/min
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Diodes 100,000
Transistors 45,000
Magnetic Cores 600,000
CHECKING FEATURES
Interrupt features. Memory protection Power supply deviation checked.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 50 Kw
Volume, computer 1,900 cu ft
Air conditioner 20 tons
Site preparation requirements
The system is bolted to both the floor and the ceiling.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced to date 1
Number in current operation 1
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Cost of system $4,000,000
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Supervisors 4
Analysts 2
Programmers 10
Coders 1
Operators 2
Engineers 2
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include a highly parallel
structure, overlapped arithmetic, indexing, input output
and core access. There are three separate controls:
Advanced (Lookahead)
Delayed (Arithmetic)
Interplay (Input/Output on 32 time-shared channels)
Unique system advantages. The systems' asynchronism
serves as an aid to trouble-shooting. The complex
structure makes program time the only meaningful
measure of speed, e.g., a matrix multiplication inner
loop requires 18 microsec sec using double precision.
A Mersenne prime check on 211,191 - 1 is done in 45
minutes.
The Digital Computer Laboratory of the University of
Illinois completed the construction and testing of the
central and high-speed parts. This high-speed portion
is of particular interest in scientific research because
its speed extends the range of problems which can be solved.
One research problem in physics,
considered to be representative of many, indicated that
the new machine was about 100 times as fast
as the University's earlier machine, the ILLIAC.
Machine speed comparisons are at best approximate
because in new machines the overlapping of some
operations is of more advantage on some problems
than on others and also because there are many
ways in which the overlapping can be done. The new
machine now requires auxiliary memories and connection
to IBM input-output equipment in order to be
of use to many research people. This work is now in progress.
Some instruction times for the machine are:
Addition (no normalization) 2.5 microsec
Floating-point multiplication 6.6 microsec
Average floating-point division 15.5 microsec
Average index order 1.4 microsec
Memory cycle 1.8 microsec
Memory access 0.6 microsec
These times do not include instruction or operand
accessing times because the machine has a separate
control, the purpose of which is to obtain operands
and instructions for the arithmetic unit.
| BRL 1964, ITT 525 VADE, starting page 0172
|
ITT 525 VADE
Versatile Auto Data Exchange
MANUFACTURER
ITT Federal Laboratories
Photo by the ITT Federal Laboratories
APPLICATIONS
The system is designed for on-line and real
time applications, with many input lines, storage and
forwarding switching center. A unique machine
organization makes optimum use of high-speed circuits
and high-speed memory to reduce cost while maintaining
very high thruput. The system utilizes the stored
logic concept.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 33
Binary digits/instruction 32 plus parity
Instructions/word 1
Instructions decoded 64 maximum
Arithmetic system Fixed point
One's complement arithmetic is performed.
Instruction type 3 One address
Number range - (231 -1) to + (231 -1)
+-------+-------+-----------+-------+---------+---------+
| 0 | 1 | 2 7 | 8 13 | 14 29 | 30 31 |
+-------+-------+-----------+-------+---------+---------+
| Char. | Index | Senseable | Oper- | Word | Char. |
| Mode | | Device | ation | Address | Address |
+-------+-------+-----------+-------+---------+---------+
Automatic built-in subroutines. None
Automatic coding
A symbolic assembler is available.
Registers and B-Boxes
Accumulator
Memory Buffer
Memory Address
Instruction Register
Control Buffer
Index Register
Most instructions may be executed in word or
character mode (4 characters per word)
and most instructions are indexable.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 6 0.5
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Transistors 4,000
Arithmetic mode Parallel
Timing Synchronous
Operation Sequential
Three memory accesses are utilized per operation.
STORAGE
No. of No. of Binary Access
Words Digits/word Microsec
Magnetic Core 32,000 33 0.75
Smaller storage units are available.
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 8 Units
No. of chars/linear inch 200 Chars/inch
| BRL 1964, ITT 525 VADE, starting page 0173
|
Photo by ITT Federal Laboratories
Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Tracks/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
Tape speed 75 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 15,000 Chars/sec
Start time 3 Millisec
Stop time 3 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.5 Inches
Length of reel 2,400 Feet
Composition Plastic
INPUT
Medium
Teletype (128) 60 to 100 words/min
High Speed Data (32) 2,400 bits/sec
Paper Tape 300 chars/sec
OUTPUT
Medium
Teletype (128) 60 to 100 words/min
High Speed Data (32) 2,400 bits/sec
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes 0
Diodes 36,000
Transistors 40,000
Magnetic Cores 1,000,000
The number of magnetic cores is for 32,000 words of 33 bits each.
CHECKING FEATURES
Parity is used on memory input lines.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, Computer 31 KW 0.85 pf
Volume, computer 450 sq ft
Area, computer 80 sq ft
Room size 11 x 32 ft
Floor loading 18 lbs/sq ft
250 lbs concen max
Weight, computer 10,000 lbs
Site preparation requirements
The room air temperature must be maintained below 80oF.
The room air conditioner must be capable of
dissipating 150,000 BTU/HR above other requirements to
handle the heat generated by a fully expanded
VADE system. No false floor or other special site
preparation requirements must be met. An air
conditioner within the equipment is not required.
The above dimensions are for a fully expanded system.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number in current operation 1
Anticipated production rates 4 per year
Time required for delivery 12 months
Primarily a special purpose machine designed for
high thruput store and forward switching centers both
teletypes and data lines.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include the capability to handle
large varieties of inputs, up to 256 lines, minimum
cost per line, achieved through the use of lice
internal processing speed, small size, and no special
environmental requirements.
| BRL 1964, ITT 7300 MOD II, starting page 0174
|
ITT 7300 MOD II
Automatic Data Exchange (ADX) System Model II
MANUFACTURER
ITT Information Systems Division
Photo by ITT Information Systems Division
The hardware at left is an Automatic Send-Receive
Device; hardware in center is the ITT 7301 MOD II
Multiplex Message Processor; hardware on right is
ITT 7321 Magnetic Tape Control Unit and the ITT 7320
Magnetic Tape Unit. The panel at the front of the
ITT 7301 MOD II is used by the computer programmer
and the panel in the center is used by the
communications supervisor to provide status information.
APPLICATIONS
Applications include real-time message/data
switching and information processing, command and
control, management information, air traffic
control, selfadaptive communications, process
control and simulation.
This description pertains to the ITT 7301 MOD II
multiplex message processor as used in the
ITT 7300 ADX System.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 18
Binary digits/instruction 18
Instructions/word 1
Instructions decoded 104 (expandable)
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type One address
Number range +131,071 to -131,071 (Decimal
Instruction word format
+---------+----------+-----------+---------+--------+
| 5 Bits | 1 Bit | 12 Bits | 9 Bits | 9 Bits |
+---------+----------+-----------+---------+--------+
| OP Code | Indirect | Address | OP Code | Count |
+---------+----------+-----------+---------+--------+
+---------+----------+-----------+
| 5 Bits | 1 Bit | 12 Bits |
+---------+----------+-----------+
| OP Code | Negation | Modifiers |
+---------+----------+-----------+
Automatic built-in subroutines
Read-in-mode (bootstrap)
Parity Error Trap
Priority Interrupt (multi-sequence)
Automatic coding
Relocatable macro-based assembler
| BRL 1964, ITT 7300 MOD II, starting page 0175
|
Registers and B-Boxes
Accumulator Digital Data Display Buffer
In/Out Reg (LOPR) Multi-sequencing Control
Memory Address Register
Memory Buffer Program Counter
Reader Buffer Instruction Register
Punch Buffer Core Memory
Keyboard Buffer Typewriter Buffers
Printer Buffer
There is a one bit parity on words in storage.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 24 3 (concurrent w/storage
access)
Mult 390
Div 528
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Transistors 180 germanium PNP
Diodes 270 germanium
Arithmetic mode Parallel
Addition is concurrent with storage access.
Multiplication and division is accomplished by sub
routine using micro commands MUS and DIS.
One's complement arithemetic is used.
Timing Synchronous
Operation Sequential on instruction,
concurrent on Input/Output/Compute
STORAGE
No. of No of Access
Medium Words Bin/Digits Microsec
Magnetic Core 65,536 1,179,648 6
Magnetic Tape 5,337,600 96,076,800 192
Magnetic Drum 89,600 1,702,400 8,300
Magnetic Disc 1,572,864 29,884,436 25,000
Maximum core storage is given above.
Capacity of tape is given for each reel.
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 32 Units
No. of chars/linear inch 556 Chars/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Tracks/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
Tape speed 75 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 41,700 Chars/sec
Start time 5 Millisec
Stop time 5 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.5 Inches
Length of reel 2,400 Feet
Composition Mylar
Magnetic tape access time assumes access in the
middle of the tape (2,200 ft) from one end.
Backward read available.
INPUT
Medium Speed
Teletypewriter Lines
Console Teletypewriter
Data Speed Lines 2,400 baud
Paper Tape Reader 10 - 400 cycles/sec
Card Reader 800 cards/min
In addition, there are manual console switches,
magnetic tape, magnetic drum, magnetic disc, dual
transfer path between machines for dual systems,
and inquiry sets. Any available codes may be used at
any commercial speeds.
OUTPUT
Medium Speed
Teletypewriter Lines
Console Typewriter Typing speed
Data Speed Lines to 2,400 baud
Paper Tape Punch 10 cps - 400 cps
Card Punch 250 cards/min
High Speed Printer 600 - 1,000 lines/min
In addition, there are console and peripheral indicator
lights, magnetic tape, magnetic drum, magnetic
disk, dual transfer path between machines for dual
systems, digital data display (direct-view CRT and
projection). Any available code may be used
at any commercial speed.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes 0
Diodes 22,209
Transistors 11,742
Magnetic Cores 1,245,184 (max)
The cores are arranged in 19 arrays of 4,096 words each.
CHECKING FEATURES
Fixed checking features include memory parity
and peripheral equipment status and error checks.
Diagnostic routines are available as well as
programmed message/data checking.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, cumputer 5.0 Kw
Volume, computer 130 cu ft
Area, computer 26 sq ft
Room size 15 x 20 ft
Floor loading 150 lbs/sq ft
3,000 lbs concen max
Weight, computer 5,000 lbs
Site preparation requirements
False floor (or ducting) are required
Air conditioning is required for 20,000 BTU/hr
to maintain 60 - 80 F and 40% to 60% relative humidity.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced to date 8
Number in current operation 6
Time required for delivery 9 months
An average installation requires nine months
to deliver hardware on-site, three months to cutover a
completely operational real-time system.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Maintenance provided either as part of rental,
or separate contract, if sale.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour
Shift Shifts Shifts
Supervisors 1 2 3
Operators 1 2 3
Technicians 1 2 3
Training made available by the manufacturer to
the users include a basic programing course, an
advanced programming course, operator course,
supervisor course, and and executive seminar in
information processing.
| BRL 1964, ITT 7300 MOD II, starting page 0176
|
Maintenance training is provided on a contract basis.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE
In order to improve reliability, diagnostic programs,
modular "motherboard" construction, self-check
programming techniques, and better than 900 average
effectiveness level with a dual system with
automatic switchover from active main-frame to
standby mainframe, are provided.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include asynchronous Input
Output/Compute, minimum of 256 external interrupts,
interrupts assigned priorities, and multiple priority interrupts.
Unique system advantages include external interrupts
which "break into" processing, eliminating the need
for time consuming scans, i.e., an on-demand system,
designed for message/data and information
processing use.
Normal magnetic tape procedures may be followed for
the handling of magnetic tape.
Asynchronous operation of diverse input/output devices
both remote, e.g., teletypewriter and inquiry
sets, and local e.g., magnetic tape, disc, and drums
as well as digital data display is possible in addition
to the ability to handle diverse codes, speeds, formats
from wide range of peripheral devices and/or computers.
INSTALLATIONS
U.S. Department of State (Paris)
USAF Offutt AFB
NASA, Huntsville,
Alabama Aluminum Company of Canada
American Cable and Radio Corporation
Eastern Air Lines, New York City
Standard Telephones and Cables Limited, London
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