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BRL 1961, DATAMATIC 1000, start page 0214
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DATAMATIC 1000
Datamatic 1000 Electronic Data Processing System
MANUFACTURER
Minneapolis Honeywell Regulator Company
DATAmatic Division
Newton 61, Massachusetts
Photo, 34 K bytes
Photo by Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company
APPLICATIONS
Manufacturer System is designed and used for
commercial (business and scientific applications.
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company Located on the
10th Floor, B&0 Central Building, Baltimore, Maryland, the
system is used for payroll, freight revenue accounting, and
car accounting.
First National Bank of Boston Located at the Main
Office in Boston, Massachusetts, the system is used for
Deposit Accounting, Check Reconcilement, and Corporate Trust
Accounting including maintenance of stockholders' ledgers,
preparation and processing of cash dividends, stock
dividends, proxies, addressing mailable materials, stock
subscriptions, etc. It is used for Loan Accounting, including
factoring (accounts receivable consumer loans, commercial and
real estate loans, revolving Check-Credit loans, etc.
Additional applications for the future include Savings
Accounting, Payroll, Expense Distribution, Personal Trust
Accounting and Safe Deposit Accounting.
Michigan Hospital Service Located on the 6th Floor 3t
441 E. Jefferson, Detroit 26, Michigan, the system is used
for daily maintenance of subscriber records and verification
of hospital and medical benefits, premium billing, premium
accounting and statistics, and claim accounting and
statistics.
Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co.-TCG Division Located
at 2753 4th Avenue South,Minneapolis, Minnesota, the system
is used for payroll, account distribution, accounting
ledgers, factory labor efficency, file maintenance, sales
statistics, factory scheduling, standard cost calculation,
and inventory extension.
Treasury Department The system is located on the
Second Floor at 214 Seventh Street, Parkersburg, West
Virginia. Operations are concerned with the issuance and
retirement of Series E, United States Savings Bonds in poach
card form sold to the public beginning October 1,1957.
BRL 1961, DATAMATIC 1000, start page 0215
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Photo, 34 K bytes
Photo by the First National Bank of Boston
The original bonds and registration stubs are used to prove
the accuracy of shipments from issuing and paying agents and
establish alphabetic and numeric registration records to
provide a status record of every United States Savings card
bond printed. Alphabetic files are maintained by the name of
the bond owner and numeric files are maintained by bond
serial number to reflect the issuance and retirement of each
bond. These records serve as search media to answer
inquiries relative to card bond holdings and the status
thereof. Reports are produced to reflect classified charges
to the U.S. Treasurer's account and to provide the Division
of Public Debt Accounts and Audit, Washington, with
accounting data for the maintenance of outstanding savings
bond interest accounts.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Manufacturer
Internal number system Binary coded decimal and
coded alphanumeric
Decimal digits/word 12
Alphanumeric digits/word 8
Decimal digits/instruction 12
Instructions per word 1
Instructions decoded 1
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Three address (normal)
Four address (subsequence
operation)
Number range 0-9, 0-16 and 0-64
Floating point operation may be programmed.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Manufacturer
Incl Stor Access Exclud Stor Access
Microsec Microsec
Ana 230.4 58
Mult 1, 008 835
Div 2,304 2,131
Construction Vacuum tube amplifiers, crystal diodes
logic and packaged type construction.
Rapid access word registers 7
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Synchronous
Operation Sequential
BRL 1961, DATAMATIC 1000, start page 0216
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Photo, 34 K bytes
Photo by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
System is primarily sequential. Transfer of information to
and from the high speed storage unit is concurrent. The
operation times given above under "Including Storage
Access" include checking time. The capacity of the
accumulator is 11 decimal digits with sign in addition and
subtraction or 22 decimal digits with sign in
multiplication and division. Parallel reading and writing
of 31 channels on magnetic tape with serial handling of
bits comprising each character and word. Access to high
speed storage is parallel. Arithmetic operations are
serial. Decimal digits are in binary coded decimal,
alphanumeric characters are in a six-bit code.
STORAGE
Manufacturer
No. of Decimal Access
Media Words Digits Microsec
Magnetic Cores 2,000 24,000 12
Magnetic Cores 248 2,976 20
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 100 Units
No. of chars/linear inch 600 dec, 400 alpha char/in
Channels or tracks on the tape 31 Channels
Tape speed 100 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 60,000 dec, 40,000 alpha char/sec
BRL 1961, DATAMATIC 1000, start page 0217
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Physical properties of tape
Width
3 Inches
Length of reel 2,700 Feet
Composition Plastic sandwich
Baltimore & Ohio RailroadCompany
Medium No. of Words No. of Digits/Word
Core 2,000 12 mum 8 alpha
First National Bank of Boston
No. of No. of Access
Medium Words Digits Microsec
Core 2,000 24,000 28
Michigan Hospital Service
Magnetic Core 2,000 24,000 28.852-bit word
Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co.-TCG Division
Core 2,000 12 10
Treasury Department
Ferrite Core 2,000 24,000 Approx. 10
Magnetic Tape 3,100,000 37,200,000 2.5 Min.
The ferrite core storage is internal, the magnetic
tape storage is external.
INPUT
Manufacturer
Media Speed
Punched Cards 900 cards/min (Input Converter)
Paper Tape 10 char/sec (via console)
Keyboard Manual(via console)
Magnetic Tape 60,000 dec dig/sec (On line tape
units)
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company
Cards (1200 Input900 cards/min
Converter)
First NationalBank of Boston
Punch Cards900 cards/min
Paper tape is to be added.
Michigan Hospital Service
Cards 900 cards/min
Magnetic Tape60,000 dig/sec
Input is via card reader to magnetic tape to central
processor.
Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co.-TCG Division
Punched Card 900 cards/min
Card editing is possible.
Treasury Department
Paper Tape60 char/min
(Flexowriter)
Cards 900 cards/m-in
Card data is converted on magnetic tape. Magnetic tape is
input to central processor at 60,000 decimal digits/sec.
One reel of tape is 2,700 feet long, 3 inches wide, and
can store 37,200,000 decimal digits or 28,200,000 alphabetic
characters. Input to the system is punched cards; input to
the central processor is magnetic tape or paper tape.
OUTPUT
Manufacturer
Media Speed
Punched Cards 100/min (Output Converter)
Printing 900 lines/min (Output Converter)
Paper Tape 10 char/sec (via console)
Magnetic Tape 60,000 dec dig/sec (On line tape
units)
Character-at-a-Time 10 char/sec (Console Typewriter)
Paper Tape Input Converter
Paper Tape Output Converter
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company
Media Speed
1400 Output Converter 800 lines/min
1300 Output Converter 150 lines/min
(Modified IBM 407)
1300 Output Converter 100 cards/min
(Modified IBM 519)
First National Bank of Boston
Printed Page 900 lines/min
(160 characters/line, 2 printers)
Printed Page 150 lines/min
(120 characters/line, 1 printer)
Cards 100 cards/min
Michigan Hospital Service
Magnetic Tape 60,000 digits/sec
Printed Page 900 lines/min
Anelex high speed printer at 120 char/line.
Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co.-TCG Division
Printed Page 900 lines/min
Printer has 120-160 char/line, 55 characters
Printed Page 150 lines/min
Printer has 120-120 char/line, 47 characters
Cards 100 cards/min
Treasury Department
Magnetic Tape60,000 dec dig/sec
Punched Card 100 cards/min
Printed Page 900 lines/min
The output of the central processor is on magnetic tape
only. The data on the tape is printed and/or punched "off
line".
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE
SYSTEM
Manufacturer
Tubes 3,600
Tube types Type 6145 and other computer quality types
Crystal Diodes 60,000
Magnetic Cores1 17,000
Transistors 500
The above figures are for the Central Machine.
Separate Cabinets10 Types (building block units)
Size of installation is dependent on application. Up to 100
magnetic tape units may be used in on-line operation.
CHECKING FEATURES
Manufacturer
Every word contains checking digits. Transfer weight
count check. Arithmetic weight count check. Special circuit
checking. Selection and order verification checking.
Blank column and multiple punch column detection is under
control of the operator of the Input Converter.
Marginal checking circuitry included in addition to the
above.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Manufacturer
Power, computer 94.6 Kw 110 KVA 0.86 pf
Power, air cond. 49.2 Kw 60 KVA 0.82 pf
Area, computer 550 sq ft
Floor loadingLess than 125 lbs/sq ft
Weight, computer 70,000 lbs
Air conditioner is built in. No user requirements.
The above weight and power figures include 10 magnetic
tape installations. Space figure excludes aisles and work
areas The total is 4,500 sq ft.
BRL 1961, DATAMATIC 1000, start page 0218
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The clear space to ceiling is 8 ft. 3 in. Recommended floor
space 40 by 100 feet (for minimum installation). Voltage
requirements - 208 volts, 3 phase, 60 cycle.
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company
Power, computer 230 KVA
Volume, computer 67,500 cu ft
Area, computer 7,500 sq ft
Floor loading 60 lbs/sq ft
50 lbs/sq ft
Weight, computer123,000 lbs
Site is prepared with perforated metal false ceiling.
Plenum between false and building ceiling, false floor - 2
ft x 4 ft sections made of aluminium honeycomb, power
distribution units supplied b manufacturer. Air
conditioning (chilled water installed for 70oF. + 2oF.
First National Bank of Boston
Power, computer 160 Kw 200 KVA 0.8 pf
Power, air cond. 40 Kw 44 KVA 0.9 Pf
Volume, computer6,065 cu ft
Vole, power room825 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner 60 cu ft
Area, computer945 sq ft
Area, power room200 sq ft
Area, air conditioner 20 sq ft
Room size, computer5,025 sq ft
Room size, power room 600 sq ft
Room size, air condition95 sq ft
Floor loading22 lbs/sq ft
125 lbs concen max
35 lbs/sq ft power room
Capacity, air conditioner 15 Tons
Weight, computer170,300 lbs
Weight, power room22,000 lbs
Weight, air conditioner 3,065 lbs
Site preparation included a 15-ton air conditioner for
magnetic tape room (including circulating water supply,
false floors and partitions for three rooms (MFU, CPU, and
converters) and an independent power supply.
Michigan Hospital Service
Power, computer 184 Kw 200 KVA 0.8 pf
Volume, computer5,700 cu ft
Area, computer4,450 sq ft
Floor loading24 lbs/sq ft
710 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner 64 Tons
Weight, computer 106,400 lbs
Air conditioning system packaged units include 35
tons built into computer, 16 tons for Tape File
Room, 8 tons for High Speed Printer and Personnel,
and 5 tons for Personnel in Central Processor,.
The site has a dropped metal pan ceiling with sound proof
bats in each pan. This ceiling is not used as an air
condition plenum. The building is of steel and concrete
construction. Power for the Data Processor is located on the
roof of the building together with the motor generators,
electrical panels, compressors, vacuum pump, and individual
water tower. The compressors are situated on the 6th floor
of the building. Power, water, and air lines come from the
8th floor to the ceiling of the 5th floor. All such lines
are suspended from the ceiling of the 5th floor and stub up
through the concrete floor wherever necessary to feed the
individual units. A free floor was designed and installed to
cover all signal wires. Air conditioning is by package units
which feed through ducts above the pan ceiling to various
outlets. Package air conditioning units are equipped with
steam to be used for either heating or humidity control.
Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co.-TCG Division
KVA, computer 20C
Vole, computer62,000 cu ft
Area, computer5,900 sq ft
Room size 5,900 sq ft
Floor loading125 lbs/sq ft
40 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner 35 Tons
Weight, computer110,000 lbs
Each unit is self cooled. False ceiling is installed for
appearance. Power central setup to provide stable power.
Power is 208 volts, 3 phases,
4 wire, 60 cycles.
Treasury Department
Power, computer 170.44 Kw 213-05 KVA0.80 pf 208V.
Vole, computer9,'(51 cu ft
Vole, air conditioner891 cu ft
Area, computer1,513 sq ft
Area, air conditioner270 sq ft
Roomy size 8,400 sq ft
Floor loading101 lbs/sq ft
267 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner 45 Tons
Weight, computer153,250 lbs
Total includes built in air conditioning
Weight, air conditioner 8,175 lbs
Total includes 3 separate air conditioning units
Site preparations were made at the time the building was
erected. The building is of brick and concrete construction
with steel girders and concrete floors. Special features in
the area include: false flooring; glass enclosures for the
input-output converter room, central processor room,
magnetic file room, and engineer's room; inter-com system
between four areas; dehumidifiers in the magnetic file room;
air and water ducts; acoustical tile ceiling for all rooms;
power ducts to all rooms from central power roam; and air
conditioning for the area.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company
1 Model 1000 Central Processor $21,500/mo.
12Model 1100 Magnetic File Units 10,800/mo.
3Model 1170 File Switching Units 570/mo.
1Model 1200 Input Converter, with 3,325/mo.
card reader
1 Model 1300 Output Converter 1,800/mo.
1 Model 1400 Output Converter, in- 3,500/mo.
cluding high speed printer
1 Model 1900 Central Power1,750 mo.
3,2 5 mo.
Additional equipment includes IBM 407 at $800/month and IBM
519 at $944/month.
First National Bank of Boston
For the equipment listed, the total monthly rental
is $43,475.
Michigan Hospital Service
Monthly
Rental
One Central Processor $21,500
Eight Magnetic Tape Units 7,200
One Card Reader and Input Converter 3,325
One File Reference Unit 550
One Output Converter and High Speed 3,500
Converter
(Including maintenance)
$ ,075
BRL 1961, DATAMATIC 1000, start page 0219
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Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co.-TCG Division
Monthly
Purchase Rental
Quantity Model Unit Price One Shift
1 1000 Central Processor including High-Speed Memory
Arithmetic-Control Units
Input and Output Buffers
Read-Write Unit
Central Console
Unit Air Conditioning $985,000 $21,500
11 1100 Magnetic File, Unit including Amplifier Unit 660,000 14,850
2 1170 File Switching Unit 19,200 380
1 1200 Card Input System including 900-card-per-minute Card
Analyzer and Converter Control Unit 185,000 3,325
1 1300 Output Converter Control Unit 100,000 1,800
1 1310 Adapter for 150-line-per-minute printer (used with
Model 1300 Output Converter Control Unit) 13,000 200
1 1320 Adapter for 100-card-per-minute punch (used with
Model 1300 Output Converter Control Unit) 1,900 35
1 1400 Output Printing System including 900-line-per-minute
printer and Converter Control Unit 215,000 4,300
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Total $2,179,100 $46,390
Maintenance service contract is $20,000 month (Purchased).
Treasury Department
Installation of the DATAmatic System $87,777
Components:
Central Processor
Auxiliary Central Processor
16 Magnetic File Units
4 File Switching Units
3 Card Input Systems
Converter Control Unit, Low Speed
IBM 519 Summary Punch
Output Printing System, High Speed
Power Room installation and equipment 8,035
Cost of False Flooring 39,740
Approximate Installation Cost $135,552
176 Hours, Basic Monthly Rental Charge:
Central Processor $21,500
Auxiliary Central Processor3,900
16 Magnetic File Units at $1,350 21,600
4 Switching Units at $190 760
3 Card Input Systems at $3,325 9,975
Converter Control Unit, Low Speed 535
IBM 519 Summary Punch 144
Output Printing System, High Speed
Basic Monthly Rental $62,714
Excess Use Time per Month:
Central Processor at $61.08/hour $20,161.80
Auxiliary Central Processor at
$11.08/hour 3,71-1.80
16 Magnetic File Units at $3.84/hr 6,566.40
4 Switching Units at $.54/hour 115.56
3 Card Input Systems at $9.45/hour 132.30
Output Printing System at $12.22/hr 2,566.20
Average Excess Use Time Cost per Month $33,254.06
Basic Cost $62,714.00
Excess Use Time Cost 33,254.06
Total Approximate Monthly Cost $95, =
System maintenance and service are included in the
monthly rental charge. Power room maintenance and
service are covered under a separate contract which
averages $4,000 annually.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company
One 8-Hour Shift
Supervisors 5
Analysts and Programmers 35
Librarians 1
Operators
Operation tends toward closed shop.
Methods of training used includes a combination
manufacturer's formal sessions and informal on-job
training.
First National Bank of Boston
One 8-Hour Shift
Supervisors 1
Analysts 5
Programmers 11
Coders 2
Clerks 3
Operators 2
In-Output Oper 6
Tape Handlers 2
Methods of training used includes 4 weeks in
manufacturer's school and on-the-,job training.
Michigan Hospital Service
One 8-Hour Shift
Supervisors 1
Analysts 3
Programmers 12
Clerks 2
Operators 1
In-Output Oper 2
Tape Handlers 1
Operation tends toward open shop.
Methods of training used includes programming training by
Minneapolis-Honeywell and operator training by Michi an
Hospital Service (detailed operating instructions.
BRL 1961, DATAMATIC 1000, start page 0220
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Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co.-TCG Division
One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour
Shift Shift Shift
Supervisors 1 1 1
Programmers 17 17 17
Clerks 4 4
Librarians 1 1 1
Operators 2 4 5
Engineers 3 5 7
In-Output Oper 2 4 6
Tape Handlers 1 2 3
Operation tends toward open shop.
Methods of training used
Six weeks programming course for analysts and
programmers.
Operation 3 weeks on-the-job
Console6 weeks on-the-,job
Treasury Department
One 8-Hour Shift Two 9-Hour Shifts
Used RecommUsed Recomm
Supervisors 2 4
Analysts 2 3 -
Programmers 14 -
Coders - -
Clerks 6 3
Librarians 1 2
Operators - 5 6
Engineers - -
Technicians 1 -
In-Output Oper - 8 8
Tape Handlers - 4 6
Operation tends toward open shop.
One DATAmatic representative is assigned full time for
guidance in the programming activities and the operations of
the system. Periodically, special training courses are
conducted by the DATAmatic Corporation either at the site or
company location. Onthe-,job training is given continuously
to peripheral equipment and console operators.
Personnel listed under the two 9-hour shifts are assigned
to the Electronic Data Processing Section which is
responsible for the scheduling of machine time and operation
of the electronic equipment. Programming is one of the
activities of the Methods and Procedures Section. This staff
performs all planning, programming and checking out of the
routines to place them in an operational state and provides
all operating instructions necessary for successful
performance. This group of employees operates on an 8-hour
basis but each individual programmer is on 24-hour Call.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company
Good time 42.3 Hours/Week Average
Attempted to run time45 Hours/Week Average;
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.94
Above figures based on period Feb 60 to Mar 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test Mar 59
Time is available for rent to qualified outside or-
ganizations.
First National Bank of Boston
Good time39.5 Hours/week (Average)
Attempted to run time40 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.98+
Above figures based on period Jul 58 to 31 Mar 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test Jul 58
Time is available for rent to qualified outside or-
ganizations.
Time is rented to Datamatic Service Bureau (1 full
shift).
The operating ratio is approximately the same for the
Service Bureau.
Michigan Hospital Service
Average error-free running period 4.9 Hours
Good time 53.3 Hours/Week Average
Attempted to run time58.2 Hours/Week Average)
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.916
Above figures based on period 1 Jan 60 to 6 Aug 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test 1 Mar 58
Time is available for rent to qualified outside or-
ganizations.
Use by outside organizations is arranged through
Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company, DATAmatic
Division.
Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co.-TCG Division
Good time92 Hours/Week (Average)
Attempted to run time 100 Hours/Week (Average)
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.92
Above figures based on period 1 Jul 59 to 1 Jul 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test 1 Jul 59
Time is not available for rent to outside organiza-
tions.
Treasury Department
Average error-free running period 8.2 hours per 9
hour shift
Good time 115 Hours~WeekAverage
Attempted to run time 126 Hours~Week Average;
Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.913
Above figures based on period 1 Apr 60 to 30 Jun 60
Passed Customer Acceptance Test 1 Nov 58
Time is not available for rent to outside organiza-
tions.
The operating ratio is based on a 7 day week, two 9-hour
shifts a day.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company Adopted procedures
for magnetic tape labelling, storage, shipping, and
protection from humidity, temperature and physical,
electrical, fire, or other damage include generation of
labels in computer program used for tape assignment, tape
storage in closed file-type cabinets, and air-conditioned
atmosphere for humidity and temperature control. First
National Bank of Boston Outstanding features include
exceptional reliability, very high error-free recording, and
recovery of information on magnetic tapes. Unique system
advantages include high capacity of tapes, 465,000 punched
cards per tape (reel), hi)h speed, simultaneous read write
(60,000 digits/sec., and ability to edit on off-line
converters, saving CPU time. Michigan Hospital Service
Outstanding features include large storage capacity of
magnetic tape (37,200,000 digits per reel), read write
magnetic tape at 60,000 digits per second, and three address
instruction system (simplifies programming).
Unique system advantages include system and instructions
designed for data processing, particularly for low activity
updating of large record files.
Tape reels are numbered with ink marking pen. Data is
labelled with Labelon Tape. Tape room is controlled for
temperature, humidity, and dust. Security Tapes are stored in
first floor lobby for 24 hour period. Security Tapes are
alternated in warehouse storage on a semi-monthly basis.
BRL 1961, DATAMATIC 1000, start page 0216
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Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co.-TCG Division
Outstanding features include 3" wide tape, orthotronic
control, 900 lines per' minute printing speed. Tape storage
is dust, humidity and temperature controlled. A distant
vault is used for backup tapes.
Treasury Department
Outstanding features are (1) Transfer rate of 60,000
decimal digits per second; (2) efficient and speedy
sorting; (3) searches 10 tapes at once at transfer rate of
600,000 decimal digits; (4) "OFF LINE" input and output;
(5) built in air conditioning for central processor.
Unique system advantages include (1) ability to read and
search forward and backward and (2) Modulo 9 weight count
checking system.
Adopted procedure for magnetic tape labelling, storage,
shipping and protection from humidity, temperature and
physical, electrical, fire, or other damage include:
Tape Labelling
Reels are labeled with color code, name and run
number(s). Dates, names and run codes are written on tape.
Storage
Active tape records are stored on shelves in the
Magnetic File area. Security tapes are stored in a vault
in another building.
Shipping
Reels are placed in plastic bags and boxed in
corrugated cartons cushioned with fillers.
Protection from Humidity, Temperature, etc.
Air conditioning and normal protection.
The tape utilized in this System is divided into 36 linear
recording channels. 31 of these channels are used for
storing information. All other channels are used for control
purposes. Data is arranged along the 31 information channels
in arbitrary units called words and blocks. Each block
contains a total of 62 information words. There are 52 bits
in a word. Four are used for checking purposes and the
remaining 48 may represent either numeric or alphabetic
data. A word may be made up of 12 four-bit decimal digits, 8
six-bit alphabetic characters or any combination of these
adding up to 48 binary digits.
FUTURE PLANS
First National Bank of Boston There is a tentative
plan to switch to Honeywell H-800 in 1962, when a third
high-speed printer, a high-speed paper tape input, and high-
speed MICR input (2 systems) will be added. Treasury
Department Present plans are to carry out the program
relating to punch card U. S. Savings Bonds established at
the inception of the system, all available machine time is
required. Plans are in a formulative stage to include the
processing of Series E paper bond retirements abd reissue
transactions as machine time is made available through
improved programming techniques and liquidation of the
backlog which antedates installation of the equipment.
INSTALLATIONS
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company
B&O Central Building
Baltimore 1, Maryland
The First National Bank of Boston
67 Milk Street
Boston, Massachusetts
Michigan Hospital Service
441 E. Jefferson
Detroit 26, Michigan
Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co.-TCG Division
2753 4th Avenue South
Minneapolis 8, Minnesota
Datamatic Division
Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company
60 Walnut Street
Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts
Treasury Department
Bureau of Public Debt
214 Seventh Street
Parkersburg, West Virginia
BRL 1961, DE 60, start page 0222
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DE 60
Clary Model DE 60 Computer
MANUFACTURER
Clary Corporation
Photo, 34 K bytes
Photo by Clary Corporation
APPLICATIONS
System is designed for general purpose, scientific,
engineering, commercial, on-line, and real time uses.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary Coded Decimal
Decimal digits/word 18 and sign
System is externally programmed.
Instructions decoded 37
Arithmetic system Fixed point (to right
of word)
Instruction type Multiple address (up to five) and
multiple operations/instruction
Number range Less than 1018 and equal to or
greater than 0.
Instruction word format
+---------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+
| Source | Operation | Destination | Format |
| | | | (output) |
+---------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+
| (one source) | (up to four) | (up to four) | Print, Word |
| | | |Length, Decimal|
| | | |Point |
+---------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+
Automatic built-in subroutines are contained d in a plug-
in catrridge. Any standard function (square root, sin,
cos, ex, etc.) may be obtained. Special subroutines are
wished to customers' specifications.
Registers include multiplicand, dividend, quotient,
remainder, registers and a special register to retain last
operand used.
BRL 1961, DE 60, start page 0223
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Photo, 34 K bytes
Photo by Clary Corporation
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Operation Incl Stor Access Exclud Stor Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 60,000 3,000
Mult 200,000 (Avg) 140,000
Div 220,000 (Avg) 160,000
Time includes access to 5 addresses. and automatic
alignment (shifting) of decimal point.
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Synchronous
Operation Sequential
STORAGE
No. of No. of
Medium Words Digits Microsec
Drum 32 576 7,500 (Avg)
Capacity may be expanded to 160 words (5120 digits) in
units of 16 words. Access time will be unchanged.
BRL 1961, DE 60, start page 0224
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Photo, 34 K bytes
Photo by Clary Corporation
INPUT
Media Speed
Keyboard Manual
Paper Tape 20 char/sec
Punched Cards 20 col/sec
On-line Equipment
Except for Keyboard, above equipment is optional or
engineered to meet requirements.
OUTPUT
Media Speed
Printer 20 char/sec 10 char/line
Typewriter 10-15 char/sec
Paper Tape 20 char/sec
Punched Cards 20 col/sec
Speeds are limits of peripheral equipment, not the
computer. Except for Printer, above equipment is optional.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE
SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes
Thyratrons 14
Diodes 2,000
Transistors 200
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 0.15 Kw
Volume, computer 76.5 cu ft
Area, computer 25.5 sq ft
Room size 8 ft x 8 ft
Weight, computer 300 lbs
BRL 1961, DE 60, start page 0225
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Photo, 34 K bytes
Photo by Clary Corporation
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced to date 9
Number in current operation 9
Number in current production 10
Number on order 8
Anticipated production rates 4 - 10 months
Time required for delivery 3 Months
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Description and Price
Standard Clary Computer Model DE-60
1 Arithmetic center - 6102 and 6202
1 Input - 6302
1 Output - 6402
1 Desk - 6602.01 and 6702.01
1 Programmer - 6502-01 (including one cartridge of
customer's choice) 2
Plugboards with wires - 6802
$18,000.00 ex-factory San Gabriel, plus all applicable taxes.
90 days delivery, unless otherwise provided.
Optional and Additional Equipment
IBM or Remington Rand typewriter output (20" carriage standard) in
lieu of standard output 6402, $2,000.00
Punch Tape output (in addition to standard output
6402), $2,000.00
Additional standard cartridges $45.00 (Square root, log,
antilog, power series, sin, cos, plus others as they become
available).
Custom cartridges $2.50 per step.
90 days delivery for typewriter equipped models.
Contract Terms
Purchase Plan
Prices are ex-factory San Gabriel, plus all applicable
taxes.
Ninety (90) day free service and parts warranty.
After first 90 days, service contract available as
follows:
Within 50 miles of service facility 3% of purchase
price per year, plus parts.
Over 50 miles from service facility 3% of purchase price
per year, plus actual round trip travel expense, plus $10.00
per hour for time actually spent by each member of service
group to and from location, plus parts.
BRL 1961, DE 60, start page 0226
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Photo, 34 K bytes
Photo by Clary Corporation
Lease Plan
Minimum lease period contract three (3) years.
Monthly lease price, payable in advance, 3 1/2% of
purchase price per month, including service. Ninety day
warranty from installation date for parts. If unit is
located over 50 miles from service facility, customer pays
actual round trip mileage additional, plus $10.00 per hour
for time spent by each member of service group for travel
time to and from location.
After three (3) year initial period, lease may be
renewed annually as follows:
1. Within 50 mile radius of service facility, 1% of
purchase price per month, including service plus parts.
2. Over 50 mile radius, 1%, of purchase price per month
plus actual round trip mileage, plus $10.00 per hour for
actual time spent by each member of service group traveling,
plus parts.
Rental Plan
Minimum rental period twelve (12) months.
Monthly rental is 3,% of purchase price per month,
payable in advance, including service and parts if located
within 50 mile radius of service facility. If located over
50 miles from service facility, customer pays actual
mileage expense of service personnel, plus $10.00 per hour
per man for time spent traveling to and from location.
Sixty (60) day minimum cancellation notice required after
contract period expires.
In the event customer elects to purchase within two
years after renting, 50,% of first year's rental and 40%
of second year's rental may be applied toward the purchase
price.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
System may be used for "open shop" operation with no
permanent personnel assigned.
Training made available by the manufacturer to users
includes programming and operating instruction at no charge.
A two week maintenance and repair course is given at no
charge. A six week maintenance and repair course is given at
a charge of $600.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
System features and construction techniques utilized by the
manufacturer to insure required reliability includes modular
construction, and plug-in components. Experience shows 96.5 -
99-9` uptime.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
System is easy to use and program, may be used manually
as a high speed calculator or under automatic control.
Large words for high accuracy are used. Completely
decimal with no conversion routines necessary, small size
and low power requirements (150 watts), and no cooling
are additional features. System is complete and small
enough to fit right into an office without special site
preparation. Computation may then be done by the
originator at his location.
[ page 0227 is blank ]
BRL 1961, DIANA, start page 0228
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DIANA
LFE Diana Computing System
MANUFACTURER
Laboratory for Electronics, Incorporated
APPLICATIONS
System is designed for general purpose business
applications.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal. number system Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits/word Variable word and block length
Decimal digits/instruction 10
Instructions per word 1
Instructions decoded 20
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Two address
(Source and destination)
Number range Alphanumeric: 0 to 99 characters per
word for computing up to 12 places
Instruction word format
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+
| V | W | X | Y | Z | D | d | O | P | (sign)|
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl Stor Access Exclud Stor Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 560 186
Mult 3,137 2,577
Div 4,830 4,270
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Magnetic Cores
Arithmetic mode Parallel
Timing Synchronous (Excepting File Drums)
Operation Sequential and. Concurrent
The operation times given above for addition and
multiplication are for the number 999,999 as operands. The
divide time is for a 5 digit quotient. Computer operations
are mainly sequential. Input-output operations are concurrent
with computation. The arithmetic unit may also work
concurrently with non-arithmetic operations. Non-arithmetic
operations may be performed concurrently during the last 113
microseconds of the addition time, during the last 2,265
microseconds of multiplication, and during the last 3,966
microseconds of division.
The arithmetic unit consists of the product, multiplier,
and multiplicand registers. These registers are 13 digits in
length, with character position 0 holding the sign and
character position 12 holding the most significant
character.
Since the system is capable of handling British sterling
notation, the adder, which is part of the arithmetic unit,
operates in sterling notation if digit d of the addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and round instructions is not a
zero. In this case, scale of 10 operation is specified.
Multiplication is accomplished by halving the multiplier and
doubling the multiplicand, with the contents of the
multiplicand register being added to the contents of the
product register each time the number in the multiplier is
odd. On the whole, this method of multiplication is faster
than one involving successive additions. Division is
accomplished by repeated subtraction of the divisor from the
dividend, with the dividend initially in the multiplicand
register and the divisor in the multiplier register. The
quotient appears in the multiplicand register and the
remainder in the product register.
STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Media Words Digits Microsec
Magnetic Core Variable 200 - 10,000 34
Hi-Speed Drum Variable 58,500 11,000
File Drums Variable (1.875-652) x 106 197,000
Magnetic Tape
Access times given above include drum switching. The
high speed drum rotates at a speed of 100 revolutions per
second, recording is performed in parallel and includes
6,000 characters of input-output buffers.
The file drum rotates at 3 revolutions per second,
recording a serial. Each file drum has a capacity of 15 x
10 bits. Characters may be alphanumeric or numeric only. The
magnetic file drum is the bulk storage medium. It is 15
inches in diameter by 15 inches long, having a capacity of
1,875,000 alphanumeric characters or 2,500,000 numeric
characters. Any number of these file drums (up to a maximum
of 330) can be used in a given installation, and regardless
of how many are used, the average random access time to any
part of the entire file remains onesixth of a second. For
intermediate and buffer storage a single high-speed drum is
used, having a capacity of 58,500 alphanumeric characters
and an average random access time of 10 milliseconds.
Internal working storage (OAST) consists of from 200 to
10,000 characters of magnetic core storage with an average
access time of 34 microseconds. In addition, there are
twelve transfer registers, each with magnetic core storage
for 10 alphanumeric characters.
Since the storage capacity of the magnetic file drums and
of OAST is scalable, a user need acquire only the capacity
required by his application. This factor, together with a
choice of the type and quantity of input and output devices,
provides a flexible system that can be tailored to the
individual requirements of any given application.
File drums are grouped into units of from one to 33 drums
per unit (actually from 300 to 10,000 tracks per unit, which,
at 300 tracks per drum, would be a maximum of 33 1/3 drums
per file drum unit.) The maximum number of file drum units in
a given installation is 10. Both the number of file drums per
unit and the number of units are determined by the
requirements of the application for which the system is
intended.
Each file drum unit contains its own reading and
writing mechanism and track selection devices. In
locating a record in a file drum unit the computer must
first select the proper track by placing the track number
in the track address register. The track number may be
wholly contained in the record number (tag), or it may be
found on an index track which relates record numbers to
the appropriate track numbers.
Transfers from a file drum unit can be in the form
BRL 1961, DIANA, start page 0229
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of a block transfer to OAST, or a word or character transfer
to the arithmetic unit or one of the transfer register.
Multiple-block transfer to OAST are also possible, provided
OAST is large enough. Information can be transferred from
one file drum unit to another, a track at a time. If the
installation includes a magnetic tape unit, information can
also be transferred from a file drum unit to tape, a track
at a time.
Information can be written on the file drum in only
three ways: by a block transfer from OAST, by a track
transfer from another file drum unit, or by a track
transfer from magnetic tape. During track transfers in
either direction, the computer may perform other operations
which do not require the use of the drums. The time
required for a track transfer is 0.6 second. One drum,
therefore, can be loaded or unloaded in three minutes.
On the file drums, information is stored in serial by bit
fashion. On the magnetic tape it is stored in parallel by
bit, serial by character fashion. The high speed drum
serves as an intermediate speed general storage for the
computer and in addition contains the input-output buffers.
This drum sets the system pulse repetition frequency of 150
kc by means of an engraved clock track. A second clock
track is used in locating sectors on the drum. This sector
clock track has 20 equal divisions which are used to locate
the 20 sectors of any given band. The use of bands
(adjacent tracks in groups of 7) permits parallel by bit
handling of handling of characters and a 150 kc frequency.
The capacity of this drum can be specified for each system
arrangement.
Magnetic Core Storage (OAST, Transfer Registers)
OAST has a maximum size of 10,000 characters arranged into
100 sectors of 10 decades per sector, 10 characters per
decade. Its minimum size is two sectors or 200 characters.
Information is located by sector, decade, and character
position, or by sector and word number. Data is handled in
parallel by bit, serial by character at a character
frequency of 150 kc. The maximum access time to any
characters is 9 bit times or 60.3 microseconds (the time
required to move from the first to the last character in a
decade.)
Information recorded in OAST wipes out the previous
characters, while that read from OAST is retained in storage
by recirculation of the characters. In a single-block
transfer to OAST, the most significant character of the
block transferred is placed in the zero position of the
decade addressed. In a multiple-block transfer to OAST, the
most significant character of the first block transferred is
placed in the zero position of the decade addressed;
following blocks are written densely. The number of blocks
to be transferred is specified in the
instruction.
INPUT
Media Speed
Paper Tape 300 char/sec
Typewriter Manual
OUTPUT
Media Speed
Paper Tape 60 char/sec
Line Printer 150 lines/min ICT 915
Many different types of input-output equipment may be
used simultaneously, each working concurrently with the
others and with the computer.
Information to be processed or stored can be entered into
the system in a number of different ways; via punched paper
tape, punched cards, direct keyboard or in certain cases,
via magnetic tape. Output can be via punched paper tape,
punched cards, line printer, direct typewriter cathode ray
tube viewer, or in certain cases, magnetic tape. The
magnetic tape input and output units are more in the nature
of drum loading and unloading devices; they are used
chiefly to store information to which random access is not
currently required, or to provide duplicate storage for
security purposes. The International Computers Tabulators
Model 915.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes
8 types 1,300
Diodes
6 types 62,000
Magnetic Cores
2 types 15,000
Above information is based on the ICT computer
CHECKING FEATURES
Single bit errors are detected in all information and
control paths except in the arithmetic unit. This includes
input-output paths, and all data on the addressed file
drum track.
Dual (parallel) arithmetic unit. If the dual arithmetic
unit is not included, arithmetic operations can be
checked by program.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 90 Kw
Volume, computer 12,000 cu ft
Area, computer 1,200 sq ft
Room size 30 ft x 40 ft
Floor loading 200 lbs/sq ft
250 lbs concen max
Weight, computer 20,000 lbs
3 phase, 115V ac, 60 cycles/sec.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced to date 1
INSTALLATIONS
This computer is now installed operating at The
International Computers Tabulators, facilities in
England.
BRL 1961, DIGITRONIC CONVERTER, start page 0230
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DIGITRONIC CONVERTER
Digitronics Converter Data Processor
MANUFACTURER
Digitronics Corporation
Photo, 34 K bytes
Photo by Digitronics Corporation
APPLICATIONS
System is designed for data conversion from magnetic tape to
paper tape or vice versa, or from one magnetic tape to
another, with numerous editing and format control
operations.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary Coded Decimal
Timing Asynchronous
Operation Sequential
System is plugboard programmed. Code translation is
possible from any 6-bit to any other 6-bit code. Selective
translation is based on character position in a message or
on the column splits. Automatic zero suppression and
insertion of editing characters may be performed as
required. There is data-controlled selection of
alternative outputs and a provision is made for
grouping several input messages into
one output message or vice versa.
STORAGE
Media No. of Char AccessMicrosec
Core Matrix Up to 1,024 20
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 2 Units
No. of chars/linear inch of tape 200 Chars/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 8 Tracks/tape
Tape speed 75 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 15,000 Chars/sec
Start time 5 Millisec
BRL 1961, DIGITRONIC CONVERTER, start page 0231
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Stop time 5 Millisec
Tape units normally furnished have above
characteristics and handle IBM or Univac compatible tape.
Optional provision for control of Uniservo or IBM high
density tape units.
INPUT
Media Speed
Magnetic Tape 15,000 char/sec
Compatible with IBM, Univac, or other specified
system
Punched Paper Tape 1,000 char/sec
Reel/strip or strip only
OUTPUT
Media Speed
Magnetic Tape 15,000 char/sec
Compatible with IBM, Univac, or other specified
system
Punched Paper Tape 100 char/sec
Using Teletype punch
Punched Paper Tape 240-300 char/sec
Using Soroban punch
Two or more output units can be provided with
selection controlled by first character of message
through plugboard.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Use
Diodes
General Transistor
DX2, DX3 All logic circuits
Transistors
GT11TO For amplification. These
1228 three types account for over
1229 95% of all transistors used.
CHECKING FEATURES
Input magnetic tape parity check with automatic reread,
output memory parity check, and input paper tape parity
check, if applicable, are among the checking features. An
output magnetic tape readafter-write check is optional.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
A 30 amp, 115 volts, 60 cycle, power outlet is
required.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced to date 3
Number in current operation 3
Number on order 2
Time required for delivery6 - 7 months
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
One technician is required per 8-hour shift.
Training made available by the manufacturer to the
user includes maintenance training.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
There is a wide choice of editing features, all plugboard
controlled. The system relieves a general purpose computer
of the necessity for communication with any medium slower
than magnetic tape, and handles large proportion of the
input and output editing.
BRL 1961, DISTRIBUTAPE, start page 0232
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DISTRIBUTAPE
Distributing Tape Computer
MANUFACTURER
Litton Industries
Monroe Calculating Machine Division
Photo, 50 K bytes
Photo by Monroe Calculating Machine Division
APPLICATIONS
Distributape was designed as a special purpose computer
to sort and summarize at high speed unit record
information which as been recorded in the medium of
punched paper tape. This computer finds application in
those areas where source data can be recorded on punch
tape--such data being recorded in random sequence and
whose subsequent processing requires sorting and
summarizing for use in statistical or financial reports.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Number range 0 to +-1011
Programming is controlled partially by instructions
contained in input tapes and partially by control switch
selection.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Construction (Arithmetic unit only
Vacuum-Tubes Type 5965 130
Diodes Type 1N636 1,700
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Synchronous
Operation Sequential
STORAGE
No. of Access
Medium Words Microsec
Magnetic Drum 1,000 8,000
Access time is average.
INPUT
Medium Speed
Paper Tape 235 char/sec
BRL 1961, DISTRIBUTAPE, start page 0232
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BRL 1961, DYSEAC, start page 0234
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DYSEAC
Second Standards Electronic Automatic Computer
MANUFACTURER
Electronic Computer Laboratory
Data Processing Systems Division
National Bureau of Standards
U. S. Department of Commerce
Photo, 50 K bytes
Photo by the National Bureau of Standards
APPLICATIONS
General purpose, simulation, real-time control.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 45 plus check digit
Binary digits/instruction 45 plus check digit
Instructions per word 1
Instructions decoded 16
Instructions used 16
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Three address
Number range - (4 - 2-42) < n < (4 - 2-42)
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl Stor Access Exclud Stor Access
Time Microsec Microsec
Add 192 - 1,536 48
Mult 2,304 - 3,648 2,112
Div 2,304 - 3,648 2,112
Construction Diode gates, tube amplifiers, and
electrical delay lines
Rapid access word registers 3
Basic pulse repetition rate one megacycle/sec.
A four phase clock is used.
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Synchronous
OperationStorage and arithmetic processing are
serial. Input-output external control are concurrent
with arithmetic operations. In addition to the nor-
mal complement of operations, the operations of sum-
mation, accumulation, overflow check, ,justification,
shift, and file are also included.
BRL 1961, DYSEAC, start page 0235
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STORAGE
Access
Media Words Digits Microsec
Mercury Delay Line 512 24,576 48-384
There is provision for up to 4,096 words of high speed
storage. In addition, the computer has provisions for the
attachment of many mufti-channel magnetic tape or wire
units, and. a magnetic drum. These would operate
concurrently with computation operations.
INPUT
Media Speed
Keyboard Manual
Paper Tape Reader 10 char/sec
Magnetic Wire 3,500 dig/sec
Keyboard and punched paper tape reader is a Flexowriter.
Alpha-numeric operation is utilized. There is provision for
the attachment of a wide variety of input devices that
would operate concurrently with computation. There is also
a one-word addressable switch memory via a serializer unit.
OUTPUT
Media Speed
Typewriter (Flexowriter) 10 alphanum char/sec
Paper Tape Punch 60 char/sec
CRT Display Unit 2,000 words/sec
Magnetic Wire 3,500 dig/sec
There is provision for the attachment of a wide variety
of output devices that would operate concurrently with
computation.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Tubes 900
Tube types 90% are 1 type
Crystal diodes 24,500
Separate cabinets 2
There are 524 tubes in the central computer and 350 in the
storage unit. The central computer utilizes 21,500 crystal
diodes. The central computer has two basic types of
package. One type contains tube amplifiers and diode gates.
The other type contains delay lines and diode gates. There
are 524 tube packages and 251 delay-line packages.
CHECKING FEATURES
Fixed Odd - even parity check on storage. Optional
Automatic program ,jump or print-outs are optional upon
detection of a memory error. Also available for program
checking are a wide variety of automonitoring operations
for loading and printing out of internal storage locations
and substituting new instructional addresses. Each word is
checked as it is read from the memory. A real-time clock
periodically initiates a storage scan which checks the
entire storage.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 12 Kw 20 KVA
Power, air cond. 35 KVA
Volume, computer 270 cu ft
Volume, air conditioner 750 cu ft
Capacity, air conditioner 18 Tons
There are two trailer vans.Van No. 1 contains the
control console, input-output, computer, storage, and
12 tons of refrigeration capacity. Its internal di-
mensions are approximately 39 x 7 x 9 feet and weighs
about 12 tons. Van No. 2 contains DC power supplies,
6 tons of refrigeration capacity, and 1,700 cubic
feet of spare space. This van also has internal di-
mensions of 39 x 7 x 9 feet. It weighs 8 tons.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced 1
Number operating 1
The DYSEAC was designed and constructed by the Electronic
Computer Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards as
part of a development program under the sponsorship of the
Department of Defense. It was delivered to the Signal Corps
in May 1954.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Acceptance test passed in April 1954.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
For further information on this system see
Transactions of the IRE-PGEC, Vol. EC-3. No. 1, Mar.
1954.
Transactions of the IRE-PGEC, Vol. EC-3, No. 2, June
1954.
Journal of the ACM, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp 57-81, April
1954.
Proceedings of the IRE, Vol. 41, Oct. 1953, PP
1380-1387.
Circular No. 551 National Bureau of Standards,
January 1955.
Two counter-registers are provided for program
sequencing. Each counter holds a twelve-binary-digit
address. The coder may select the address in either counter
as the address of the next instruction to be performed.
Also, either counter-register can furnish the base number
for relative addresses.
Major design emphasis was placed on versatility of control
facilities and on latitude for expansion of the installation.
The versatility is achieved by (1) the concurrent input-
output property, (2) a self-regulation property which allows
the external environment to automatically control the pace of
the internal work program, (3) an interruption property which
enables the machine to handle unscheduled ,job assignments
which originate externally without advance notice and must be
executed as soon as possible, and (4) the preceding three
properties acting in concert enable the machine to be
employed as a control element in a generalized feedback loop.
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