Return to LGP-30Goal: Extra techie information about LGP-30 machines
LGP-30 Supplement -
contains:
- LGP-30 Maintenance Manual - in German, from Christian Corti - 5.7 megabytes
- 1st 2 sections of the above LGP-30 Maintenance Manual OCRed then translated by GOOGLE Translator then HTMLed and corrected some more
- Helpful note from Christian Corti
- 1st 2 sections from the above LGP-30 Maintenance Manual OCRed and corrected a little.
1st 2 sections of the above LGP-30 Maintenance Manual from Christian Corti
OCRed then translated by GOOGLE Translator then HTMLed to something like the German format and corrected the OCR some more
Part I
=======Introduction
----------The purpose of the instruction manual
This instruction manual is the basis of the technical Instruction for the electronic computing machines LGP-30 (Royal Precision Electronic Computer,) manufactured by Librasaope, Inc., Glendale, Calif.. Edited. Descriptive information Explanations on the theory of the functioning and the operating and Maintenance manuals for this facility are here in sufficient Dargelgt detail to allow qualified personnel, the full operation and maintenance.
The purpose of the facility
The LGP-30 is an all-electronic digital computer of spatial dimensions smaller than a conventional desk. The computing speed and memory capacity, with a lot of larger and more costly plants vergeleichbar. The basic unit can operate relatively ungeschultem staff. The Calculator was developed to provide scientific and technical Calculations a reliable and efficient small computer on the market.
General indicator
The LGP-30 is a programmgesteuerter all-purpose digital computer, a variety of mathematical and technical tasks solves. The Commands (encoded in digital form) and the numbers that which to work, are kept in a storage whose Contents could change.
The basic skills, commands or numbers with each other ver equal and command sequences change to be able to enable the Computer plant accordingly:
Part I, page 2
mathematical and logical operations on command or Figures in accordance with command sequences in the Memory, run;
two command sequences depending on the outcome a comparison between two figures or Befehlenauszuwählen;
one or more commands in accordance with a fixed Command sequence to change.
The computing system works internally in the dual system, but may encrypted decimal alphabetic characters and processed. It is working with a fixed point. All figures are treated as if the comma between the sign and the point with the greatest importance. All figures are between +1 and -1. (negative numbers are represented by complementation) Basic unit of information in LGP-30 called a word. Since it is a programmatic machine, a word either a number or a command and is internally by Dual 32 points. If a word is used to manufacturing data to store, the first bit the sign , 30 bits the size of the number and the last bit is for technical Space reasons.
The LGP-30 uses a Einadress command code, each command consists of three parts:
- the command d.h. the numerical code for the operation, be executed. (4 dual posts),
- the address d.h. the number of the space, during the execution of a warrant will be selected (12 dual points)
- reserve bits, for the storage of constants or for specific calculations can be used (13 dual posts).
Part I Page 3
Since the machine as a one addresses computer works, the Address of the next command not to be separately . The commands are always in the order, in them. the drum stored until this order by jumping command, which is the address of the next command to be indicating is interrupted.
A magnetic drum with read-write heads and electronic Circles serves as an information storage of the computing system. This "Main memory" has a capacity of 4069 '! Locate. 64 tracks side by side in an axial direction contain 64 words on the Trommelumfazig .. Each track has its own reading write head. Of three time track with the same impetus contents are read, in conjunction with electronic circuits control functions and the choice of word and point positions on the Drum volume. Every single word of memory can be done by the track and the cell (situation on the Drum volume, 1 of 64) on. For the convenience of Programmer are the addresses of the word positions with two certain numbers from 00-00 to 63-63 to open. The berfi `t ~-irur.g such a designated address in the coordinates of Sour and cell is electronically.
In the command below list will be made in summary The form of computer automatically feasible operations. There are various terms register taken as the so-called Current memory are realized, a short access time to Registers. Each consists of a write head with one or more (drum rotation sense) following reading heads. The time lag between the writing and reading one bit in Current memory is one word. The read at this time Information is the write head back to the same Information is a word length puts back on the drum writes. The functions of the various circulation memory are as follows: The Befehlszählregister - contains the address of the memory cell, in the next command is executed.
Part I Page 4
The command register - it will just run the command noted. In addition, during the Multiplication or division temporarily disrupt the Operanten second. The accumulator - he takes in the usual way one Operanten and stores the result of an operation., usually with word length. Declaration of commands.
(m means that memory cell, which in address part of the command word means.)
B m Remove the battery and write the contents of the memory cell m into it. A m Add to the content of the contents of the accumulator Memory cell m and keep the result in the accumulator. S m Subtract the contents of the contents of the accumulator Memory cell m and keep the result in the accumulator. M m Multiply the contents of the accumulator with the content the memory cell m and keep the more significant (upper) Half of the accumulator. As N m M, but keep the less significant (lower) half in the accumulator. D m Dividiere the contents of the accumulator by the content the memory cell m and keep the dual offices at 30 rounded ratio accumulator. E m image of the logical product of the contents of the accumulator and the memory cell m, d.h. make the dual of the Accumulator in the places to zero, where in memory m also zeros. The remaining dual accumulator remain unchanged. This command is often used to some parts of words hide. H m Write the contents of the accumulator in the memory cell m and keep the word in the accumulator. As H C m, but then delete the accumulator. U m Take the next command from the memory cell m. At the same time the command counter to this value, he one from there on, so that the next commands. the cells are taken to the cell m. T m Take the next command only from the memory cell m, if the contents of the accumulator is negative, otherwise go normal. Y m Write the address part of the word in the accumulator , in the address part of the word in memory m. Mostly is the word in memory m, a command whose address in this way has been adapted. The word in Accumulator remains unchanged. R m joining a "1" to the number in command counters, which Address the next command and bring added indicating the new number in the address part of the word, in memory m. The address of the word in m is now 2 larger than the address of the memory cell, in which R is the command. Mostly follows the R-command Command to jump start a sub-programme. The R-command writes the address on his übernächste Address in the initial jump command of the sub-programme so that the command sequence wirder to the right place the main program returns. I m an address reference is unnecessary. (m = 0000) The command brings the computing machine in a state in which he, Tape or keypad for her groups of bits in the Accumulator can. At every keystroke, a four-or sextet of her in the right Accumulator, while the existing content to 4 and 6 digits. left. After 8 Tetraden the entire accumulator filled. In tape input will automatically strip so long advance and every symbol in a Tetrade the accumulator over until a special stop command (usually after 8 Tetraden), but not compatible with the Z-command is the same. This means that the computer the following command. P m Write an icon on the typewriter. The tracking part by m specifies which symbol to be written. It in this way can all 50 features the Sohreibma machine are triggered. If desired, simultaneously with a transcript of the tape time. Z m machine continue. If m = 0000, it will necessarily be halted. If m = 0400, 0800, 1600 or 3200 or a combination these figures, the stop command ignored if the relevant, with 4; S, 16 and 32 marked NOT STOP button on the control panel is pressed.
Part II
=======Technical description.
------------------------The LGP-30 is an independent, self unit. All Elements from which the computers are in a single housing accommodated. The casing is made of steel and Alluminium with a hinged hood, ventilation openings and detachable Side parts. The device is mounted on wheels, at any desired To make change.
The main components of the LGP-30 are shown in Figure 1 and in the following sections.
The energy supply
The following tensions created equal:
+ 150 V, + 300 V, and - 160 V.
All tensions are by magnetic voltage regulated to constant output voltage. The Voltage fluctuations in the same Netzwechselapannungen 180 to 240 V. Each chassis has a current limit and therefore automatically protects against overloads and Short circuits. This is effected by AEG-voltage, their mode of action in the section on maintenance tasks.
An additional -20 VDC, which is necessary for a proper function of the computer is connected to a resistance generated in the return of the negative DC circle 0 V against potential.
The resistance is located at the front of the power supply.
Heating and separating transformers
All tubes are two special transformers heated. One of them feeds the tubes in the storage unit, the other the Tubes for the logical functions. The Transformatören T1 and T29, shown in Figure 1, have two primary windings, either the full or half the filaments of the tubes to deliver can. The tension for these transformers are also by a magnetic voltage (500 W) regulated, (Bil-3 below left).
Part II, page 2
A transformer for the electric typewriter, because you have your own network has Rectifier, whose Output from the computer her grounded.
Memory unit
The storage unit is divided into three separate units:
the storage drum with read-write heads and drive motor, the head-selection diode matrix and the card slots with the tubes. These parts are shown in Figure 1 dargestllt. The storage drum is from a high strength aluminum alloy, is dynamically balanced and with quiet special camps.
A special cycle lane with 2048 bits in the drum eingefräst extent, a basic clock of about 130 kHz. On the drum surface is a 30 x strong Eisenoxydschicht under a special procedure raised.
Vierundsechzig read / write heads of the main memory are limited to six axial arranged strips attached, which on the one Half of the drum volume.
The normal distance between the head and drum surface is 20-25 u.
A two-word circulating memory and a special two-word circulating memory are located between the main memory capita strips and Right end plate of the drum holder. Three tracks are as a time track with the same content, which each Drum rotation in 64 different time-words. The Reading heads are associated with the main memory heads mounted. All heads are for the isolation and to increase the encapsulated mechanical stability, low windings and Sintered ferrite cores.
Part II, page 3
The drum is a belt by an asynchronous motor (250 W, 2800 rpm at 50 Hz) driven. The translation is so chosen that the drum with about 3900 rpm and the resulting umläuft Clock frequency 130 kHz.
The diode matrix for the head selection is on the outside of the left Trommelendplatte attached. Diodes for 128 head of the main selection memory on this plate. When choosing a certain ten head covered by these diodes writing or reading the signals Head added. The flexible leads the heads are on the back Matrix side of the plate angelötet, while a cable with the connectors Matrix with the amplifier Einschüben. The board memory unit contains Trommelt except:
21 cards with printed circuit connectors for the signal lines, power supply and the lead plates for cold air,
the cooling air power from the wärmeerzeugenden parts of the slots.This storage unit on cards with printed circuit:
8 reading flip-flops 8 matrix driver 3 write amplifier 1 read / write gate, and 1 stroke generator. Calculator and tail, (logic)
The computing and tail is divided into two parts aufgeteiltt
The diode network, called the logic board,
and below arrangedthe cards with printed circuit board. The logic board consists of two single plates, which sided with printed Switching system. Approximately 700 diodes are at the top the plate in columns, from 1 to 60 are numbered, and in 12 rows, each with two letters from A to Z means. Part II, page 4
Between the anode and cathode of the diode are electrical connections in the form of printed lines.
All resistors and capacitors are at the bottom of the Logic plate. The diodes are working at voltages from 0 V or -20 V, and only these tensions are on the top of the logic board. Normally, the whole covered by a Leitblech what the Cold air over the diodes leads to heat resulting in adverse Working conditions due. Below the logic board are Printed circuit cards, which are:
5 triple flip-flop cards 2 inverter cards 1 and Kathodenfolger 3 Thyratron cards. With the exception of reading signals from the main memory, the timing signals, of typewriters signals and signals from the control buttons lead Logikplatte.über all entrances to these cards.
To transfer the resulting heat is an air stream through Leitbleche wärmeabgebenden of the parts.
Control panel and cathode-ray tube
The proposed Kontrollampen keys and serve the following purposes:
Depending on the operating condition each of the lights are in operation Buttons. Only one button, `the lights up. When a button is not lit, so nothing happens, then if they still pressed.
- When you press the button "A", the device is switched on.
- When you press the button "off" the device is switched off.
- When pressed "pause" button is pressed, the DC abeschaltet and filaments reduced by half.
- If the key "operation" is depressed, get the tube their full heating and after about 50 seconds, the DC automatically switched on.
If the keys "operation" and "input manually pressed, before the device is switched on, the self - States of "pause" to "holding" process.
Part II, page 5
- The yellow light of the key "operation" indicates, the heating daB is in progress, and the drum starts.
- If the DC is switched on, the light goes off the key "operation" and the green light on the button "Ready" indicates that the device is ready to computing.
- With the keys "normal", "single operation" and "entering by hand," läBt is one of three possible operating conditions. In the "normal" by a starting signal commands the program automatically saved to a programmiertne Maintenance. In the case of "individual operations' • is to der'Rechenanlage a start signal an operation and then paused, A second signal is issued the next operation. . When entering by hand, the machine is ready, numbers or Commands from the typewriter to her and the accumulator to save. These three types of switches are against locked to prevent numbers or commands in memory by improper operation can be lost.
- When you press the button "Start" is a stored program in the Mode "normal" or "single operation".
- When you press the button "counter delete", the command register to zero.
- Pressing the button "command" means the transport of Contents of the accumulator in the command register if the Mode "single operation" or "by hand".
- If the button is pressed command, the Execution of the warrant register standing warrant.
Part II, page 6
- A programmed stop will be overlooked if one or more Buttons with the inscription "No stop" button.
- If the "6-bit command button is pressed, all Dual six points each character of the typewriter in the Input into the accumulator. However, if this button not pressed, only four dual posts.
- When you press the button "jump" to forcefully to a jump possible execution of a suitable test encrypted command.
The "Start" button is not lit at "command of hand". But if they pressed, the next word in the command register and the command of one meter by 1. The execution of each logical or arithmetic or operation of input or output command is the green light "Converts." If no command as a result of a programmed or logical or Haltes by the result of a calculation not proper operation is held, the computing machine in a frozen state, through a red light "maintenance" is displayed.
The oscilloscope, with the control panel is combined shows in binary form the content of the three circulation register with the sign imagine, the command flag and the address points. Those are on the screen marked the Oszillographenröhre. The adjustment Oszillographen for the buttons are located below the screen under the plastic sheet with the logo. Below the Be dienungspultes there is a cage, the high-.und Heizspan nungserzeugung for the cathode ray tube sets (Figure 1). In addition to the Cage are the cards for the horizontal and vertical n.
Part II, page 7
All tensions, input and output signals via cable with Plug in the device, at the front of the device is the electric clock.
Relay box
The relay box is located below desRechen and at the Leitwerkes Back of the computer system. The relays and associated groups, which Order specify the tension control, and the transformers, the low voltage for the Kontrollampen in operating console supply, are housed in the chassis. Like all other Recheanlge assembly, this chassis with cables and connectors . With the exception of the Port for the input and output, the top of the left side of the machine, all Exchange tensions on this chassis.
The cooling
The case in which the computing machine is located, also contains the Body responsible for cooling the plant provides. At the front bottom left is a fan motor, which is a centrifugal blower to drives. There are about 1.2 m3/Min. Cold air with the help of Leitblechen wärmeerzeugenden on all parts. Through the openings in the Back of the case, the warm air hinausgeblasen, while the Fresh air by three air filter on the sides of the energy supply chassis and by mesh at the base of the machine applied. The angesaugte Air reaches delineated by the energy supply chassis into the blower.
The electric typewriter
An electric typewriter is the main inputs and gabevorrichtung of LGP-3Q. The typewriter has a hole streifenleser and Stanzer. If a tape is read, or if on the keypad of a typewriter key, means that the electric typewriter encrypted Signals through a cable to the computer systems as input information. In the same way signals from the computing device in the Typewriter, either as a sign printed, a corresponding ing tape produced or it is the tape reader .
Part II, page 8
The electric typewriter is on the code established by the Computing facility.
If the key 6-Biteingabe "is not pressed, only dual digits 1-4 scanned the channels. If the button is pressed, all Dual six digits, according to the hole combination imported. Although either 4 or 6 bits imported, should be given when you print Dual 6 digits of the computer writing machine, so that they can work properly. At a band to command or by a Command from the keypad can her information from the strip into the hole Machine can be entered. The appropriate type of Einlesens can Push of a button at the typewriter elected. It is a switch , to the typewriter by the computer to electric plant separated. You can tape-so produced, while the machine calculates. Figure 6 shows the layout of the buttons on the electric typewriter. For a convenient input and output is the typewriter with a special Switch for automatic equipped carriage return. The cars position, where the return should be done, you can manually set will. On the side of the typewriter are the paper tape puncher and the reader. The corresponding control keys are in Figure 6 . Entering a tape information corresponds to the input an information by hand. If the button "punching" is depressed, will be pressing any letter or number key the corresponding Learning hole combination in the hole punched Strip. The automatic Carriage return is not stamped. The paper tape reader can Squeezes ( the button "Start reading" set in motion or through the Reading relay through an input command. The reading of the Lochstreifens can by reading a "conditional stop" or by pressing the button "Read-stop" be interrupted. If a tape off and gedoppel , it can be stopped at any "conditional stop" be overlooked by the key "Conditional Stop" button. When a character incorrectly punched , creates a pressing "delete characters" that every 6 holes punched, and hence a non-readable characters. The start button the typewriter has the same function we start button on the operation nungepult the computing system.
Part II, page 9
Table 1
-----------------6-bit keys of the typewriter
-----------------------------
Other buttons
Numeric control commands hex signs Paragraph 123456 123456 123456 1 Ll 000110 Bb 000101 (upper Type) To / | \ 000100 2 *2 001010 Yy 001001 (lower Type) To \ | / 001000 3 "3 001110 Rr 001101 Parbumschaltung 001100 4 [delta]4 010010 Ii 010001 carriage return 010000 5 %5 010110 Dd 010101 backspace 010100 6 $6 011010 Nn 011001 Tab 011000 7 [Pi]7 011110 Mm 011101 Conditional Stop 100000 8 [Sigma]8 100010 Pp 100001 Read 000000 9 (9 100110 Ee 100101 space 000011 0 )0 000010 Uu 101001 erasure 111111 10 Pf 101010 Tt 101101 sign: 11 Gg 101110 Hh 110001 12 ij 110010 cc = + 001011 13 Kk 110110 Aa 111001 -- - 000111 14 111010 Ss 111101 15 Ww 111110 Zz 000001 Note: The figures in the columns above refer to the corresponding Holes in paper tape. With "0" is no hole there, a "1" is a hole While the 4-bit scanning only the characters Positions 1 through 4 in the computing machine. All the characters are only 6 entered in the 6-bit input. With the exception of Tabulierungs - and Sign space takes no control signs in the machine. In reading Tabulierungs or the space will sign either 4 or 6 hits Depending on the position of the 6-bit command button read.
123456 :; 001111 ?/ 010011 ]. 010111 [, 011011 Vv 011111 Oo 100011 Xx 100111